Schedule of expected cash receipts from sales. How to prepare a cash flow statement (cdc)

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Solution:

As initial data we use the result obtained in Table 1, clause 3.3. Total sales. We divide the sales totals (clause 3.3.) of each quarter in the proportion of 70% for the current quarter, 30% for the next quarter:

1st quarter:

150,000 * 70% = 105,000 rub.;

Total receipts for the first quarter are 105,000 rubles;

2nd quarter:

240,000 * 70% = 168,000 rubles;

Total receipts for the second quarter: 168,000 + 45,000 = 213,000 rubles.

III quarter:

150,000 * 70% = 105,000 rub.;

150,000 * 30% = 45,000 rub. (Accounts receivable at the end of the period);

Total receipts for the third quarter: 105,000 + 72,000 = 177,000 rubles;

IV quarter

240,000 * 70% = 168,000 rubles;

240,000 * 30% = 72,000 rub. (Accounts receivable at the end of the period);

Total receipts for the fourth quarter: 168,000 + 45,000 = 213,000 rubles.

Total receipts for the year:

105,000 + 213,000 + 177,000 + 213,000 = 708,000 rub.

Accounts receivable at the end of the year:

780,000 – 708,000 = 72,000 rub.

It is assumed that the optimal stock of finished goods for an enterprise is 20% of the next quarter's sales volume. The finished goods inventory at the beginning of the period is equal to the ending inventory of the previous period. The stock at the end of the fourth quarter is determined as follows: tables - 20 pcs., cabinets - 30 pcs. (Table 3).

Table 3

Production budget in natural units

Solution:

Clause 1.1 and clause 1.2 of Table 3 are filled in with data from Table 1.

clause 2. Planned balances of finished products at the end of the period

1st quarter

II quarter

clause 2.1. Tables = 100 * 20% = 20 units.

clause 2.2. Cabinets = 200 * 20% = 40 units.

III quarter

clause 2.1. Tables = 200 * 20% = 40 units.

clause 2.2. Cabinets = 300 * 20% = 60 units.

clause 3. The stock of finished goods at the beginning of the period is equal to the ending stock of the previous period. Accordingly, we transfer the data from clause 2.1. and clause 2.2. for the next quarter, clause 3.1. and clause 3.2.

clause 4. We calculate the volume of finished products as the sum of the planned volume and the planned balance at the end of the period minus the balance of finished products at the beginning of the period, i.e.:

clause 4.1. = clause 1.1 + clause 2.1 – clause 3.1;

clause 4.2. = clause 1.2 + clause 2.2 – clause 3.2;

1st quarter

clause 4.1. = 100 + 40 = 140 units.

clause 4.2. = 200 + 60 = 260 units.

II quarter

clause 4.2. = 300 + 40 – 60 = 280 units.

III quarter

clause 4.1. = 100 + 40 – 20 = 120 units.

clause 4.2. = 200 + 60 – 40 = 220 units.

IV quarter

clause 4.1. = 200 + 20 – 40 = 180 units.

clause 4.2. = 300 + 30 – 60 = 270 units.

The consumption of materials per unit of production is presented in Table 4. By multiplying the number of units of products to be manufactured by the rate of consumption of raw materials and materials per unit of product, we obtain the total need for materials (Table 5).

In turn, the product of the resulting value by the cost of a unit of material (chipboard - 10 rubles, pine - 20 rubles) gives the amount of direct costs for materials.

In 2011, by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 02/02/2011. No. 11n was approved. Its introduction was due to an attempt to bring Russian accounting standards closer to international financial reporting standards (IFRS).

In accordance with paragraph 6 of PBU 21/2008, the accounting policy of the organization must ensure rational accounting, based on business conditions and the size of the organization (rationality requirement).

The indicators of the organization's cash flow statement are reflected in rublesRF.

The amount of cash flows in foreign currency is recalculated into rubles at the official exchange rate of this foreign currency to the ruble, established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of payment or receipt

Note:The difference arising from recalculation cash flows of the organization and cash balances and cash equivalents in foreign currencies at rates for different dates, reflected in the cash flow statement separately from the current, investment and financial cash flows of the organization as the impact of changes in the foreign currency exchange rate against the ruble.

2. Cash flow statement indicators for the previous period.

The figures in the report for the previous year are transferred from the statement of cash flows for 2010, with adjustments for the purpose of comparability of data.

In accordance with, if the data for the period preceding the reporting period, incomparable with data for the reporting period, then the first of these data are subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting. Each significant adjustment must be disclosed in the explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss account together with an indication of the reasons causing this adjustment .

Those. cash flow statement data for 2010 needs to be adjusted:

• reflect cash equivalents;
• “pull out” the amounts of indirect taxes and show the balance of mutual settlements for them;
• “curtail” turnovers that are not cash flows of the organization;

If adjusting last year's indicators is difficult, it is necessary to calculate the indicators based on accounting data for 2010 (which means, in fact, drawing up a new cash flow statement for 2010).

Note:When filling out the report, please remember that deductible or negative indicators are shown in the report in parentheses(Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n “On the forms of financial statements of the organization”).

3. Filling out the “Cash flows from current operations” section.

The section “cash flows from current operations” contains indicators characterizing the receipts and outflows of funds associated with the main activities of the organization (receipts from customers and payments to suppliers).

Also reflected in this section:

1. Income:

• rent, license payments, royalties, commissions and other similar payments;
• from interest on receivables from buyers (customers);
• from resale of financial investments;
• others (including positive final balance for VAT).

• on employee remuneration;
• income tax;
• interest on debt obligations (except for interest taken into account in the value of investment assets);
• others (including negative final balance for VAT).

Note:In accordance with clause 12 of PBU 23/2011, the organization’s cash flows, which can not be clearly classified according topoints 8- 11 Provisions classified as cash flows from current operations.

INCOME FROM CURRENT OPERATIONS

Receipts - total(line 4110 ) - indicates the total amount of revenue from current operations (calculated as the sum of the lines 4111 -4119 ).

Including:

from the sale of products, goods, works and services(line 4111 ) - indicates the amount of cash and equivalents received to current accounts and to the organization's cash desk (as well as to accounts for cash equivalents) for goods, works, services sold (including commissions and agency fees).

These receipts are reflected in the accounting registers in the debit of the following accounts:

• 50 "Cashier";
• 51 “Current accounts”;
• 52 “Currency accounts”;

These receipts are also reflected in the debit of accounts 50, 51, 52, 58, 76, minus the amounts:

• indirect taxes (we deduct VAT amounts, except for VAT on refunds and amounts due to principals and principals);
• received by agents, commission agents, intermediaries due for transfer to principals, principals, clients of intermediaries;
• received as compensation for utility and other expenses incurred.

from resale of financial investments(line 4113 ) - indicates the amount of cash received and equivalents for financial investments purchased for the purpose of resale in the short term (usually within three months).

Note:In accordance with clause 17 of PBU 23/2011, cash flows are reflected in the cash flow statement collapsed in cases where they are characterized by fast turnover, large amounts and short return periods.

Thus, receipts from financial investments are shown only in the amount of economic benefits received by the organization (the total amount of receipts minus the amounts spent on the acquisition of realized financial investments).

(lines 4114 - 4118 ) - the names of additional lines and the amounts of receipts corresponding to these names are indicated.

In additional lines, the accountant can reflect, taking into account the level of materiality, income from current activities that are not taken into account in the amounts of income on other lines.

Such receipts may be those receipts that cannot be unambiguously classified.

The amounts of these receipts are reflected according to the same principles as the amounts of receipts from sales in the line 4111 .

other supply(line 4119 ) - indicates the amount of other income from the current activities of organizations. Such receipts could be:

• the amount of benefit from the sale/purchase of currency;
• positive balance of VAT payments;
• compensation amounts;
• interest due on receivables from buyers (customers);
• proceeds from the sale of other property (except for the sale of fixed assets);

Amounts of indirect taxes received by an organization from the budget (for example, VAT refunds) are reflected in this line “collapsed”.

PAYMENTS FOR CURRENT OPERATIONS

Payments - total(line 4120 ) - indicates the amount of payments for current transactions (calculated as the sum of the lines 4121 -4129 ). Indicators by line 4120 and by lines 4121-4129

Including:

to suppliers (contractors) for raw materials, materials, works, services(line 4121 ) - indicates the amount of payments to suppliers and contractors for received goods and materials, work and services related to the current activities of the organization.

• 50 "Cashier";
• 51 “Current accounts”;
• 52 “Currency accounts”;
• 58 “Financial investments” (in terms of accounting for cash equivalents related to financial investments);
• 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (in terms of accounting for other cash equivalents);

These payments are reflected in the accounting registers on the credit of the following accounts:

• 50 "Cashier";
• 51 “Current accounts”;
• 52 “Currency accounts”;
• 58 “Financial investments” (in terms of accounting for cash equivalents related to financial investments);
• 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (in terms of accounting for other cash equivalents);

income tax(line 4124 ) - indicates the amount of payments related to the payment of corporate income tax, including advance tax payments, with the exception of corporate income tax directly related to the organization’s investment or financial operations.

(lines 4125-4128 ) - the names of additional lines and the payment amounts corresponding to these names are indicated.

In additional lines, the accountant can reflect, taking into account the level of materiality, payments for current activities that are not taken into account in the amounts of payments on other lines.

Such payments may be payments that cannot be clearly classified.

The amounts of these payments are reflected on the same principles as the amounts of payments to suppliers and contractors for received goods and materials, works and services related to the current activities of the organization in the line 4121 .

other payments (line 4129 ) - indicates the amount of other payments related to the current activities of organizations. Such payments may be:

• the amount of loss from the sale/purchase of currency;
• the amount of loss received during the exchange of cash equivalents;
• negative balance of payments (debt to the budget) for VAT;
• penalties, fines and sanctions paid by the organization under agreements with counterparties.

Amounts of indirect taxes paid by an organization to the budget (for example, VAT) are reflected in this line “collapsed”.

Balance of cash flows from current operations(line 4100 ) - indicates the amount of the difference between receipts from current operations and payments for current operations.

Line 4100 = string 4110 - line 4120.

1. Filling out the “Cash flows from investment operations” section.

In this section, organizations reflect cash flows associated with investment activities - the acquisition, creation or disposal of non-current assets.

In accordance with paragraph 10 of PBU 23/2011, information on cash flows from investment operations shows users of the organization’s financial statements the level of the organization’s expenses incurred to acquire or create non-current assets that provide cash receipts in the future.

Examples of cash flows from investment transactions:

• payments to suppliers (contractors) and employees of the organization in connection with the acquisition, creation, modernization, reconstruction and preparation for use of non-current assets, including costs of research, development and technological work;
• payment of interest on debt obligations included in the value of investment assets in accordance with PBU 15/2008;
• proceeds from the sale of non-current assets;
• payments in connection with the acquisition of shares (participatory interests) in other organizations, with the exception of financial investments acquired for the purpose of resale in the short term;
• proceeds from the sale of shares (participatory interests) in other organizations, with the exception of financial investments acquired for the purpose of resale in the short term;
• providing loans to others;
• repayment of loans provided to other persons;
• payments in connection with the acquisition of debt securities (rights to claim funds against other persons), with the exception of financial investments acquired for the purpose of resale in the short term;
• proceeds from the sale of debt securities (rights to claim funds against other persons), with the exception of financial investments acquired for the purpose of resale in the short term;
• dividends and similar income from equity participation in other organizations;

INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

Receipts - total(line 4210 ) - indicates the total amount of income from investment operations (calculated as the sum of the lines 4211 -4219 )

Including:

from the sale of non-current assets (except financial investments)(line 4211 ) - indicates the amount of cash receipts and cash equivalents associated with the sale of non-current assets.

For example, proceeds from sales:

• fixed assets;
• intangible assets;
• capital investments in non-current assets (including in the form of construction in progress);
• R&D results.

• 50 "Cashier";
• 51 “Current accounts”;
• 52 “Currency accounts”;
• 58 “Financial investments” (in terms of accounting for cash equivalents related to financial investments);
• 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (in terms of accounting for other cash equivalents);

• indirect taxes (we deduct VAT amounts, except for VAT on refunds and amounts due to principals and principals);
• received by agents, commission agents, intermediaries due for transfer to principals, principals, clients of intermediaries;
• received as compensation for expenses incurred (transport, utilities, etc.).

from the return of loans provided, from the sale of debt securities (rights to claim funds against other persons) (line 4213 ) - the amount of receipts is indicated:

• from returns of previously issued interest-bearing loans (excluding interest received);
• from the sale of bills and bonds (excluding interest received);
• from the assignment of previously acquired rights of claim to third parties.

other supply(line 4219 ) - indicates the amount of other income related to the investment activities of the organization, for example - income from participation in joint activities.

PAYMENTS FOR INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

Payments - total(line 4220 ) - indicates the amount of payments for investment transactions (calculated as the sum of the lines 4221 -4229 ). Indicators by line 4220 and by lines 4221-4229 are indicated in parentheses.

Including:

in connection with the acquisition, creation, modernization, reconstruction and preparation for use of non-current assets (line 4221 ) - indicates the amount of payments to counterparties, as well as payments to employees of the organization related to operations for the acquisition, creation, modernization, reconstruction and preparation for use of non-current assets.

These payments are reflected in the accounting registers on the credit of the following accounts:

• 50 "Cashier";
• 51 “Current accounts”;
• 52 “Currency accounts”;
• 58 “Financial investments” (in terms of accounting for cash equivalents related to financial investments);
• 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (in terms of accounting for other cash equivalents);

• indirect taxes (we deduct the amounts of VAT paid, except for VAT on refunds and VAT related to principals and principals);
• amounts paid by agents, commission agents, intermediaries, due for transfer to principals, principals, clients of intermediaries;
• reimbursable expenses (transport, utilities, etc.).

in connection with the acquisition of debt securities (rights to claim funds against other persons), provision of loans to other persons (line 4223 ) - indicates the amount of payments sent:

• to provide interest-bearing loans;
• for the purchase of bills and bonds;
• on acquired rights of claim against third parties.

other payments(line 4229 ) - the amount of payments is indicated:

• on income tax from investment transactions (if it is possible to determine it correctly);
• directed towards contributions to joint activities;
• other payments related to the organization’s investment operations.

Line 4200 = string 4210 - line 4220.

If the result is negative, it is indicated in parentheses.

EXAMPLE OF COMPLETING A CASH FLOW REPORT sheet 1.

1. Filling out the “Cash flows from financial transactions” section.

The section “Cash flows from financial transactions” reflects the amounts of cash flows associated with raising financing on a debt or equity basis.

Such operations entail changes in structure and size:

• capital of the organization;
• borrowed funds of the organization.

• cash contributions from owners (participants), proceeds from the issue of shares, increases in participation interests;
• payments to owners (participants) in connection with the repurchase of shares (participatory interests) of the organization from them or their withdrawal from membership;
• payment of dividends and other payments for the distribution of profits in favor of owners (participants);
• proceeds from the issue of bonds, bills and other debt securities;
• payments in connection with the redemption (redemption) of bills and other debt securities;
• obtaining loans and borrowings from other persons;
• return of loans and borrowings received from other persons.

Receipts - total(line 4310 ) - indicates the total amount of income from financial transactions (calculated as the sum of the lines 4311 -4319 )

Including:

obtaining credits and loans(line 4311 ) - indicates the amount of receipts of cash and cash equivalents as loans and borrowings (including receipts from interest-free loans).

cash deposits of owners (participants)(line 4312 ) - indicates the amount of monetary contributions of the owners (participants) of the organization that do not lead to an increase in participation shares.

from issuing shares, increasing participation shares(line 4313 ) - indicates the amount of receipts received as payment:

• shares of the organization (by its shareholders);
• shares in the authorized capital of the organization (by its founders);
• additionally placed shares;
• additional cash deposits leading to an increase in the share of participation.

• bills issued by the organization;
• bond issues;
• other debt securities.

PAYMENTS FOR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS

Payments - total(line 4320 ) - indicates the amount of payments for financial transactions (calculated as the sum of the lines 4321 -4329 ). Indicators by line 4320 and by lines 4321-4329 are indicated in parentheses.

Including:

owners (participants) in connection with the repurchase of shares (participatory interests) of the organization from them or their withdrawal from the membership (line 4321 ) - the amount of payments is indicated:

• the actual value of the share (part of the share) to the participant/his creditors/heirs/legal successors;
• for own shares purchased from shareholders (their creditors, heirs, assigns).

in connection with the repayment (redemption) of bills and other debt securities, repayment of loans and borrowings(line 4323 ) - indicates the amount of payments aimed at repaying debt obligations (credits, borrowings, own bills and other debt securities) with the exception of the amounts of interest paid.

other payments(line 4329 ) - indicates the amount of other payments related to the financial transactions of the organization. This line may reflect, for example, lease payments paid by the organization.

Balance of cash flows from financial transactions(line 4300 ) - indicates the amount of the difference between receipts from financial transactions and payments for financial transactions.

Line 4300 = string 4310 - line 4320.

If the result is negative, it is indicated in parentheses.

1. Resulting data.

Balance of cash flows for the reporting period(line 4400 ) - indicates the amount obtained by adding:

• Balance of cash flows from current operations (line 4100 );
• Balance of cash flows from investment operations (line 4200 );
• Balance of cash flows from financial transactions (line 4300 );

If the result is negative, it is indicated in parentheses.

Balance of cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period(line 4450 ) - indicates the amount of the balance of cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year.

This indicator must be linked to the indicator of balance sheet line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents” at the beginning of the year. If these amounts are not equal, then it is necessary to decipher and explain the deviations that have arisen.

Balance of cash and cash equivalents at the end of the reporting period(line 4500 ) - indicates the amount of cash balance and cash equivalents at the end of the year.

This indicator should be linked to the indicator of balance sheet line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents” at the end of the year. If these amounts are not equal, then it is necessary to decipher and explain the deviations that have arisen.

The magnitude of the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates against the ruble(line 4490 ) - indicates the “collapsed” total amount of exchange rate differences arising in connection with the conversion of foreign currency funds and equivalents into rubles.

The amount of the difference is determined as follows:

The magnitude of the impact of changes in the exchange rate of foreign currency against the ruble = the total amount of positive exchange rate differences for the reporting year - the total amount of negative exchange rate differences for the reporting year.

If the result is negative, it is indicated in parentheses.

Data for determining the final balance for exchange rate differences are reflected in accounting account 91 “other income and expenses.”

EXAMPLE OF COMPLETING A CASH FLOW REPORT sheet 2.

1. Accounting policy.

The following information must be reflected in the organization's accounting policies for accounting purposes.

• how much the client must pay in the first planned month for shipments of the previous month. In our example, this is the current debt as of January 31;
• what amount will be paid towards the overdue debt - data from the repayment schedule.

• from client A - RUB 2,361,560. (1,870,325 [payment for January shipments] + 400,000 [repayment of past due debts] + 493,000 [payment for February shipments] - 401,765 [overdue debt arising in February]);
• from client B - RUB 4,352,940. (3,644,500 + 708,440 + 0-0).

The statement of cash flows of an enterprise enables users of financial statements to assess the ability of an enterprise to generate cash and cash equivalents, as well as to assess the enterprise's needs for the use of those cash flows. The purpose of IFRS 7 is to standardize cash flow information by classifying cash flows by type of activity: operating, investing and financing.

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An entity shall prepare a statement of cash flows in accordance with the requirements of this Standard and present it as an integral part of its financial statements for each period for which financial statements are presented.

Enterprises generate and use cash regardless of the nature of the activity and regardless of whether cash can be considered as a product of the enterprise (for example, banks and other financial institutions). Enterprises need cash for the same reasons, no matter how different their activities are. All enterprises need cash to conduct operations, to pay off liabilities, and to pay dividends. Accordingly, IFRS 7 requires the presentation of a statement of cash flows from all entities.

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Benefits of a Cash Flow Statement

The statement of cash flows, when used in conjunction with other financial statements, allows users to evaluate changes in an entity's net assets, its financial structure (including liquidity and solvency), and its ability to influence the amount and timing of cash flows. The statement of cash flows is useful in assessing a business's ability to generate cash, and also in modeling, estimating, and comparing the present value of future cash flows with other businesses. The report allows you to compare data on the operating performance of different enterprises, since it eliminates the consequences of applying different accounting methods to similar transactions and events.

Historical cash flow data is often used to estimate the amount, timing and likelihood of future cash flows. They are also useful in examining the accuracy of previous estimates of future cash flows and in examining the relationship between profitability and net cash flows and the impact of price changes.

IFRS 7 Definitions

Cash include cash in accounts and on hand and demand deposits.

Cash equivalents - These are short-term, highly liquid investments that are easily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their value.

Cash flows - receipts and payments of cash and cash equivalents.

Operating activities - the main income-generating activities of the enterprise and other activities other than investment and financial activities.

Investment activities - acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments that are not cash equivalents.

Financial activities - activities that lead to changes in the amount and composition of the contributed capital and borrowed funds of the enterprise.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents are intended to cover short-term cash obligations and not for investments or other purposes. For an investment to qualify as a cash equivalent, it must be readily convertible to a known amount of cash and be subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Thus, investments are generally classified as cash equivalents only when they have a short maturity, such as 3 months or less from the date of acquisition. Investments in the equity of other entities are not included in cash equivalents unless they are, in substance, cash equivalents (for example, preferred shares purchased shortly before their maturity date and having a specified maturity date).

Bank loans are generally considered to be a financing activity. However, in some countries, bank overdrafts, repayable on demand, form an integral part of a company's cash management. In this case, bank overdrafts are included in the composition of cash and cash equivalents. A characteristic feature of such agreements with banks is that the bank account balance changes from positive to negative.

Cash flow does not include turnover between cash and cash equivalents items because these components are part of an enterprise's cash management and not part of its operating, investing, or financing activities. Cash management involves investing excess cash in acquiring cash equivalents.

Presentation of the Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement must contain information about cash flows for the reporting period, broken down into flows from operating, investing or financing activities.

An entity presents cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities in a form that best fits the nature of its activities. Classification by activity provides information that allows users to assess the impact of those activities on the financial position of an enterprise and the amount of its cash and equivalents. This information can also be used to assess the relationships between these activities.

The same transaction may involve cash flows classified differently. For example, loan payments may include both interest and principal. The interest portion may be classified as an operating activity and the principal portion as a financing activity.

Operating activities

The amount of cash flows from operating activities is a key indicator of how enterprises generate sufficient cash flows to maintain the enterprise's operating capabilities, repay loans, pay dividends and make other investments without resorting to external sources of financing. Information about specific components of cash flows from operating activities for prior periods, in combination with other information, will be useful in forecasting future cash flows from operating activities.

Cash flows from operating activities are primarily related to the core activities of the entity. These flows typically result from transactions included in the definition of profit or loss. Examples of cash flows from operating activities:

Cash receipts from the sale of goods and provision of services;

Cash receipts in the form of royalties, fees, commissions and other revenue;

Cash payments to suppliers for goods and services;

Cash payments to and on behalf of employees;

Cash receipts and payments to an insurance company for premiums, claims, annuities and other insurance benefits;

Cash payments or income tax refunds if they cannot be directly related to financing or investing activities;

Cash receipts and payments from contracts entered into for commercial or trading purposes.

Some transactions, such as the sale of equipment, may result in a gain or loss. Cash flows from such transactions are classified as cash flows from investing activities. However, cash payments made to produce or acquire assets for rental to others and their subsequent sale in accordance with paragraph 68A of IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment are classified as cash flows from operating activities. Cash receipts from leases and subsequent sales of such assets are also cash flows from operating activities.

An entity may hold securities and loans held for business or trading purposes, in which case they may amount to inventory acquired specifically for resale. Therefore, cash flows arising from the purchase or sale of these securities are classified as operating activities. Similarly, advances and loans provided by financial institutions are generally classified as operating activities because they relate to the principal activities of the institution.

Investment activities

Separate disclosure of cash flows from investing activities is important because it shows what expenses have been incurred to acquire resources intended to generate future earnings and future cash flows. Examples of cash flows from investing activities:

Cash payments for the acquisition of fixed assets, intangible and other long-term assets. These include payments related to capitalized development costs and independently produced fixed assets;

Cash proceeds from the sale of fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term assets;

Cash payments for the acquisition of equity or debt instruments of other enterprises and interests in joint ventures (other than payments for instruments considered to be cash equivalents or held for business or trading purposes);

Cash proceeds from the sale of equity or debt instruments of other enterprises and interests in joint ventures;

Advances and loans provided to other persons (except for advances and loans provided by financial institutions);

Cash receipts from the return of advances and loans provided to other persons;

Cash payments or receipts under futures or forward contracts, options and swap agreements, unless the contracts are entered into for trading or trading purposes or the payments or receipts are classified as financing activities;

When a contract is accounted for as a hedge, the cash flows from the contract are classified in the same way as the cash flows from the hedged position.

Financial activities

Separate disclosure of cash flows from financing activities is important because this information is useful in forecasting the entity's future cash flows from those who finance it. Examples of cash flows from financing activities:

Cash proceeds from the issue of shares or other equity instruments;

Cash payments to owners for the acquisition or redemption of company shares;

Cash receipts from the issue of debentures, loans, bills, bonds, mortgages and other short-term and long-term borrowings;

Cash payments on borrowed funds;

Cash payments made by a tenant to reduce the outstanding balance of a finance lease.

Reflection of cash flows from operating activities

An entity must report cash flows from operating activities using either:

Direct method, which discloses information about the main types of gross cash receipts and payments;

An indirect method in which profit or loss is adjusted by taking into account the results of non-cash transactions, any deferred or accrued past or future cash receipts or payments arising from operating activities, and items of income or expense related to cash receipts or disbursements. investment or financial activities.

An entity is encouraged to use the direct method of presenting cash flows from operating activities. The direct method provides information useful for estimating future cash flows that is not available with the indirect method. When using the direct method, information on the main types of gross cash and payments can be obtained:

From enterprise accounts; or

By adjusting sales, cost of sales (interest and other similar income and expenses for financial institutions) and other items in the statement of comprehensive income, taking into account the following factors:

o Changes in inventories and accounts receivable and payable from operating activities during the period;

o Other non-monetary items; And

o Other items that give rise to cash flows from operating or financing activities.

When using the indirect method, net cash flow from operating activities is determined by adjusting profit or loss for the following factors:

Changes in inventories and accounts receivable and payable from operating activities during the period;

Non-cash items such as depreciation, amortization, valuation reserves, deferred taxes, unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses, retained earnings of associates and minority interest; And

Other items that give rise to cash flows from investing or financing activities.

Alternatively, net cash flow from operating activities may be presented indirectly by reflecting revenues and expenses disclosed in the statement of comprehensive income and changes in inventories and accounts receivable and payable from operating activities during the period.

Reflection of cash flows from investing and financing activities

An entity must report its principal gross cash receipts and gross cash payments arising from investing and financing activities separately, except for cash flows, which are reported on a net basis.

Reflection of cash flows on a net basis

Cash flows from the following operating, investing or financing activities may be reported on a net basis:

Cash receipts and payments on behalf of clients when the cash flow reflects the activities of the client rather than the activities of the enterprise; And

Cash receipts and payments for items characterized by rapid turnover, large amounts, and short maturities.

Acceptance and payment of bank demand deposits;

Investment company client funds; And

Rent collected on behalf of property owners and passed on to them.

Examples of cash receipts and payments on behalf of clients:

Examples of cash receipts and payments of fast turnover:

By the amount of debt of credit card holders;

Purchases and sales of investments; And

Other short-term loans, for example, with a repayment period of up to 3 months.

Cash flows arising from each of the following activities of a financial institution may be reported on a net basis:

Cash receipts and disbursements for accepting and disbursing fixed maturity deposits;

Placement and withdrawal of deposits in other financial institutions; And

Advances and loans to customers and repayment of these advances and loans.

Cash flow in foreign currency

Cash flows arising from foreign currency transactions must be reported in the entity's functional currency by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the functional and foreign currencies at the date of the cash flows.

Cash flows of a foreign subsidiary must be translated at the appropriate exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the cash flows.

Cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are reported in accordance with IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. This allows you to use an exchange rate that is approximately equal to the actual rate.

Unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates are not cash flows. However, the effect of changes in currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents available or expected to be received in foreign currencies is presented in the statement of cash flows to reconcile cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the reporting period. This amount is presented separately from cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities and includes any differences that would have arisen had the cash flows been reported at period-end exchange rates.

Interest and dividends

Cash receipts and payments related to the receipt and payment of interest and dividends must be disclosed separately. Each such receipt or payment must be qualified on a consistent basis from period to period as a cash flow from operating, investing or financing activities.

The total amount of interest paid during the period is disclosed in the statement of cash flows, whether it is recognized as an expense in the income statement or capitalized in accordance with the permitted alternative treatment in IAS 23 Costs on loans."

For financial institutions, interest paid and interest and dividends received are classified as cash flows from operating activities. However, for other enterprises there is no consensus on how to qualify these payments and receipts. They may be classified as cash flows from operating activities because they are included in the definition of profit or loss. And at the same time, they can be classified as cash flows from financial and investment activities, since they represent financing costs or investment income.

Dividends paid may be classified as cash flows from financing activities because they are a financing cost. However, they may be classified as an element of cash flows from operating activities to help users assess the entity's ability to pay dividends from cash flows from operating activities.

Income tax

Payments of income taxes are disclosed separately and classified as cash flows from operating activities unless they can be directly attributed to financing or investing activities.

While tax expenses may be readily attributable to investing or financing activities, it is not practical to attribute the corresponding tax cash flows, and such cash flows may relate to a period different from the cash flow in the underlying transaction. . Therefore, taxes paid are generally classified as cash flows from operating activities. When it is practicable to attribute tax cash flows to a specific transaction classified as an investing or financing activity, those flows are classified accordingly.

When tax cash flows relate to more than one activity, the total amount of taxes is disclosed.

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

When accounting for investments in subsidiaries and associates accounted for using the equity or cost method, the statement of cash flows limits the investor to information about the cash flows between it and the investee, such as information about dividends and advances.

An entity that reports its interest in a jointly controlled entity (see IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures) using the proportionate consolidation method includes in its consolidated statement of cash flows its proportionate share of the cash flows jointly controlled enterprise. And an entity that reports its share using the equity method includes in the statement of cash flows information about the cash flows associated with investments in the jointly controlled entity, distributions of profits, and other payments or receipts between it and the jointly controlled entity.

Changes in direct ownership interests in subsidiaries and other business units

Aggregate cash flows arising from acquisitions and losses of control of subsidiaries and other business units must be presented separately and classified as investing activities.

An entity must disclose the following aggregate information relating to both acquisitions and losses of control over subsidiaries during the period:

Total compensation paid or received;

The share of compensation represented by cash or cash equivalents;

The amount of cash and cash equivalents held by subsidiaries or other business units over which control is gained or lost; And

The amounts of assets and liabilities, other than cash and cash equivalents, in subsidiaries or other business units over which control is gained or lost, summarized by major category.

Presenting in one line the cash flow impact of acquisitions or losses of control of subsidiaries or other business units, and separately disclosing the amounts of assets and liabilities acquired or disposed of, helps separate such flows from other flows arising from other operating, investing or financial activities.

The aggregate amount of cash paid or received as consideration upon gaining or losing control of a subsidiary or business unit is reported in the statement of cash flows less any cash and cash equivalents acquired or disposed of in such transactions or events.

Cash flows arising from changes in direct ownership interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control must qualify as cash flows from financing activities.

Changes in direct ownership interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control (for example, a parent's purchase or sale of equity interests in a subsidiary) are accounted for as equity transactions.

Non-monetary transactions

Investment and financing transactions that do not require the use of cash and cash equivalents should be excluded from the statement of cash flows. Such transactions must be disclosed in other forms of financial statements in a manner that provides all necessary information about such financing or investing activities.

A significant part of investment and financing activities does not have a direct impact on current cash flows, but at the same time affects the structure of capital and assets of the enterprise.

Components of cash and cash equivalents

An entity must disclose the components of cash and cash equivalents and provide a reconciliation of the amounts contained in the statement of cash flows with similar items presented in the statement of financial position.

Given the diversity of cash management practices and banking arrangements around the world, and in order to comply with IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, an entity is required to disclose the policies it has adopted for determining the structure of cash and cash equivalents.

The effect of any change in the policy for determining the components of cash and cash equivalents, for example a change in the classification of financial instruments previously considered to be part of an entity's investment portfolio, is reported in accordance with IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.

Other disclosures

An entity must disclose, together with management's commentary, the amount of significant cash and cash equivalents held by the entity that is not available for use by the group.

There are various circumstances in which cash and cash equivalent balances may not be available for use by the group. For example, a foreign exchange control measure or other legal restrictions that prevent the use of these funds in the general manner by a parent or subsidiary.

Additional information may be relevant to users' understanding of the financial position and liquidity of the entity. Disclosure of this information, along with management comments, is encouraged and may include:

Amounts of unused loan funds that can be used to finance future operating activities and to repay investment obligations, indicating restrictions on the use of these funds;

Aggregated amounts of cash flows by operating, investing and financing activities related to interests in joint ventures, data on which are presented using the proportionate consolidation method;

Aggregate amounts of cash flows representing increases in operating capability, separate from the cash flows required to maintain operating capability; And

The amount of cash flows arising from the operating, investing and financing activities of each reportable segment (see IFRS 8 Operating Segments).

Separate disclosure of cash flows representing increases in operating capabilities and cash flows required to maintain operating capabilities allows users to determine whether the entity is providing sufficient funds to maintain its operating capabilities. An enterprise that does not allocate sufficient funds to maintain its operating capabilities may be sacrificing its future profitability in the name of maintaining current liquidity and distributing profits to owners.

Disclosure of cash flows by segment allows users to better understand the relationship between cash flows at the enterprise level as a whole and at the level of its individual components, as well as monitor the availability and variability of cash flows by segment.

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