Sentences with to have examples. Have to, had to - modal verb

In English modal verb have to is very popular. It can be translated into Russian in different ways: “to be forced”, “to be due”, “have to”, “must”. From this article you will learn about in what situations you should use a modal verb have to and how to do it correctly. And also listen to how residents of the UK and USA pronounce it.

Features of the modal verb have to

In this section we will tell you everything you need to know about the modal verb have to to use it correctly.

1. Modal verb have to changes over time:
   • Present tense with pronouns he(He), she(she), it(it) is used has to, and with I(I), you(you, you, you), we(We), they(They) - have to.
     

     She works as a journalist. She has to write an article. – She works as a journalist. She must to write an article.

   • In the past time have to changes to had to.
     

     She worked as a journalist. She had to write articles. – She worked as a journalist. To her had to write articles.

   • In the future tense have to can be used with will to express the need, obligation to do something, and with may/might to express the likelihood that something will need to be done.
     

     If it rains tomorrow, I 'll have to take an umbrella. - If it rains tomorrow, I I'll have to take an umbrella.

     You may have to go to the doctor next week. – Maybe, you have to go to the doctor next week.

2. Interrogative sentences with have to are formed using auxiliary verbs: do, does- in present time, did– in the past; will- in future.
   

   What do I have to do to stop you? - What am I must what to do to stop you?

   Why did you have to spend so much money? - Why do you had to spend so much money?

3. Negative form have to (don't/doesn't have to) is translated by the words “not necessary”, “not necessary”, “no need” and expresses the absence of need for something. note: We can perform an action, but there is no need for it. Do not confuse with modal verb mustn't, which expresses a strict prohibition.
   

   You don't have to dress up for the party, but you can if you want to. – Not necessary dress up for a party, but you can do it if you want.

   I didn't have to leave. It was still early. - To me there was no need leave. It was still early.

   You will not have to meet me. - You you won't have to to meet me.

4. Instead of have to you can use the design have got to ('ve got to). This expression is often used colloquially as a synonym have to. More about the design have got to you can read in .
   

   You have to press the doorbell three times. = You 've got to press the doorbell three times. – Need to press the doorbell three times.

Functions of the modal verb have to

In this section we will tell you in what situations you can use a modal verb have to:

1. Obligation, necessity- obligation, necessity.

   By using have to you can say that you are obliged or you need to do something because of some external circumstances. This is the main function of a modal verb have to.

   You have to turn right here. You can't turn left. - You must turn right here. You can't turn left.

   He is responsible for his family. He has to work without weekends. – He is responsible for his family. He forced work seven days a week.

   In this function have to easily confused with a modal verb must. Must, as well as have to, serves to express obligation or necessity. However must expresses the need to do something due to some reason personal aspirations.

   I haven’t seen my grandmother for a long time. I must visit her. – I haven’t seen my grandmother for a long time. I must visit her.

   My boss is waiting for me. I have to go now. - My boss is waiting for me. I forced go.

2. Deduction, logical assumption- a logical conclusion or assumption.

   We can use have to to say that based on something we have made some kind of conclusion, assumption. However, more often the modal verb is used must.

   The sun is shining. It has to/must be warm outside. - The sun is shining. On the street, there must be, warm.

3. Advice or recommendation- advice or recommendation.

   By using have to you can give advice if you want to convince a person to do something. When translating into Russian, the word “should” should be used.

   You have to try this cake. It's very tasty. - You must try this cake. It is very tasty.

   You have to see that play. You'll like it. - You must watch that performance. You'll like it.

Usually a modal verb have to difficult to distinguish in the stream of English speech. We invite you to listen to how Londoners pronounce it in this video.

And in this video there is an American Rachel will not only tell you how to pronounce have to in the American manner, but will also teach you how to do it.

Thanks to its versatility have to is one of the most popular verbs in the English language. With its help, you can express your needs, make suggestions and give advice.

We told you the most important information about the modal verb have to. We suggest checking how you have mastered it using our test.

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Test

Modal verb have to

Every day we perform actions that are dictated to us by duty, obligation, circumstances. This is normal, because we want to coexist in society. True, we do some of them with reluctance and reluctance. A simple “must, must” forces us to act. In multifaceted English grammar, have to is used for this.

This is where many people fall into a trap. And why all? The verb have in English can be both semantic in the meaning of “to have”, and auxiliary in the Present Perfect, and a modal verb. We are interested in the latter, and to distinguish it from the first two, remember some peculiarities .

1. Always used followed by an infinitive with the particle to.
2. The meaning of this modal verb is: must, forced, which is very close to the meaning of must. The main difference is that have to expresses compulsion to perform this or that action, in other words: I must... because... .
3. Another distinctive feature is the use in the past and present tenses. Looking at the verb have to in different segments, you will notice its changes in the faces.

He has to get up at dawn. — He must (forced for some reason) to get up at dawn.

I had to stay at home yesterday, because my son got ill. “I had to stay home yesterday because my son got sick.

She will have to learn it by heart. “She'll have to learn it by heart.”

Forms of the verb have to

In each tense, with each subject, to have is able to find a common language, adapting to each grammatical phenomenon, like an ordinary semantic verb.

• IN present in an affirmative sentence: have to/has to. To construct a question and a negative, you will need an auxiliary verb do/does, and, accordingly, the particle not.

I have to call the doctor. - I have to call a doctor.

She doesn't have to stay in bed. “She doesn’t need to stay in bed.”

Do you have to write your report today? — Do you have to write an essay today?

• To denote events that have passed long ago, the already familiar second form of have is used in the past time -"had" . If you want to ask something or speak negatively, then without "did" There's no way you can do it.

They had to change trains. — They had to change trains.

She didn't have to be there in the afternoon. “She didn’t have to be there for lunch.”

Why did they have to go to the police station? - Why did they have to go to the police?

• Yes and Future tense will not tell anything new: standard will/shall + have + to + inf.

If Rose fails, she’ll have to repeat the course. — If Rose doesn't pass the exam, she'll have to repeat the course.

Use

1. How often do we have to do something under the influence of circumstances? For expression obligations for various reasons in English we use have to. This function could have the following translation: something has to be done, forced.

The traffic lights turned red and I had to stop. — The traffic light switched to red, and I was forced to stop.

I learned the poem. I didn't want to, but I had to. — I learned the poem. I didn't want to, but I had to.

Factory workers have to work 6 hours a week. — Factory workers must work 6 hours a week.

2. Often the modal verb to have expresses the need to do something , which also arises due to circumstances: necessary, I need, I must.

Do you have to listen to his singing? - Should you listen to him sing?

We have to do much, before we leave. “We still have a lot to do before we leave.”

When did you have to be in Italy? — When should you have been in Italy?

Comparison

The verb have to can be confused with either must or need - needn’t.

• must is used in situations where stricter execution, order or prohibition is necessary. And have to simply states what will have to be done. It is usually clear from the context, and the emotional coloring of the sentence can be clearly traced. Remember that have to replaces must in the past and future tenses.
• If the situation is surrounded by circumstances that force you to do something, then we use have to. If it is simply said that “it is necessary” and “it is not necessary”, whether there is a need or not, then we use need - needn’t.

You must be more attentive. - You should be more attentive.

You have to be more attentive to your mistakes, because you will fail the exam. — You must be more attentive to your mistakes, otherwise you will not pass the exam.

I have to earn money for my parents, because they don’t have enough for living. “I need to earn money for my parents, because they don’t have enough to live on.”

I need money. - I need money.

The whole difficulty is that in Russian they sound the same: must, must, must not, must not. When determining the desired form, look into the context, think about the intonation and thoughts with which the speaker wants to convey information to you.

In principle, there is nothing complicated here. The main thing is to remember the meaning and forms of the modal verb have to, which is quite common in speech. The whole difference, the difference from other modal verbs, can be understood by doing the exercises.

Statement

Have to in the present tense it changes depending on the actor (subject) and number, unlike other modal verbs (should, must and others).

Has– used with third person singular ( He, She, It).

• I have to get up at five every Sunday.– I have to get up at five in the morning every Sunday.
• Ann has to go to hospital.- Ann needs to go to the hospital.
• We have to walk all the way home because we can’t catch a taxi. We have to walk home because we can’t get a taxi.

In the past time have to takes shape had for all persons singular and plural.

• Last summer I had to get up at five every Sunday.– Last summer I had to get up at five in the morning every Sunday.
• We had to walk all the way home because we couldn’t catch a taxi.“We had to walk home because we couldn’t get a taxi.”
• Janice had to visit her dentist last Monday. Janice had to go to her dentist last Monday.

The future tense is formed by the construction will have to for all persons singular and plural. Very rare for top officials I And We used shall have to.

• Next summer I shall have to get up at five every Sunday.– Next summer I will have to get up at five in the morning every Sunday.

• I will be a bit busy tomorrow. I will have to take my dog ​​to the vet.– Tomorrow I will be a little busy. I will have to take my dog ​​to the vet.
• My friends will have to pick me up at 6 p.m.– My friends will need to pick me up at 6 pm.

When forming the passive voice (Passive Voice), the construction is also used have to and passive infinitive.

• You did a great job! You have to be promoted to general manager.– You did a great job! You will need to be promoted to general manager.
• This project has to be approved tomorrow morning.– This project must be approved tomorrow morning.
• His advice has to be taken into account.– His advice should be taken into account.

Negation

Negative sentence with have to in the present and past tense is formed using an auxiliary verb to do in negative form ( don't, does not, did not) or auxiliary verb to be for the future tense ( will not). Such sentences will be translated as " not necessary», « no need», « you don't have to do anything».

• We do not have to be in a hurry. We still have plenty of time.- We don't need to rush. We still have plenty of time.
• You don"t have to wear a suit to work but if you like it you can.– You don't have to wear a suit to work, but if you like, you can do it.
• She didn't have to tell the whole story. We had already heard it.“She didn’t have to tell the whole story.” We've already heard it.
• You won't have to pay for that broken vase.“You won’t have to pay for that broken vase.”

To express a prohibition or a categorical prohibition in the present tense have to always replaced by must in the negative form ( must not).

• You don't have to come here.-You don't have to come here.
• You mustn't come here.- You are not allowed to come here.
• must not = mustn’t

Question

Interrogative sentence with have to formed with an auxiliary verb to do(or will for the future tense), standing in the required form at the beginning of a sentence or after question words ( Who, Why, When, Where, How and others).

• You have to go.- You have to go. (Statement)
• Do you have to go?- You have to go?

• Does Michael have to work on Sunday?– Should Michael work on Sunday?
• When do you have to go there?– When do you need to go there?
• Did he have to call you?– Should he have called you?
• Will I have to pay for the broken vase?– Will I have to pay for the broken vase?

Features of use

Probability Expression

Design have to also expresses probability, certainty, confidence in something of the speaker and is translated as “ there must be», « Maybe", "T in person" In this case have to used only in the present tense (as a construction have to be or has to be) and can be replaced by must .

• I have to be misunderstood.
• I must be misunderstood.“I must have been misunderstood.”

• It has to be really difficult to survive in a desert.
• It must be really difficult to survive in a desert.“Surviving in the desert must be really difficult.”

• That girl has to be Ann.
• That girl must be Ann.“That girl is probably Anne.”

When forming an assumption in a negative form have to is replaced by must in the negative form ( must not).

• That guy has to be Paul.“That guy is probably Paul.”
• No, that mustn't be Paul. Paul is tall and besides, he is blond.- No, it can't be Paul. Paul is tall and also blond.

Have to or Have got to

Often, especially in spoken English, instead of have to you can find a design have got to(as the Present Perfect form of the verb to get). The difference between these designs is practically indistinguishable; they freely replace each other.

The difference is that have to may indicate a repetitive action, and have got to- to the specific, although native speakers themselves rarely distinguish between these constructions. Also have got to used only in the present tense.

• This time we have got to be ready for the battle!– This time we must be ready for battle!
• Oh dear, I have got to do all this work by myself!– Oh no, I have to do all the work alone!
• Matt has got to go right now. Matt has to leave now.
• She has got to be careful after that awful accident.“She must be careful after that terrible incident.”

When forming a question and a negative form, the construction have got to does not need an auxiliary verb to do.

• Have you got to watch your little sister tonight?“Do you have to look after your little sister tonight?”
• Has someone got to take Harry to school today?– Should someone take Harry to school today?
• Why have you got to do this today?– Why do you have to do this today?
• Who has got to do all this work?– Who should do all this work?

• have not = haven’t
• I"m happy I haven’t got to go anywhere today.- I'm glad I don't have to go anywhere today.

• has not = hasn’t
• My mom hasn’t got to take Harry to school today.“My mother doesn’t have to take Harry to school today.”

Got to form

Sometimes have got to can also be simplified to the form got to, especially in modern spoken English. Got to used only to express the present tense. In spoken English the form is also often used gotta(short for got to).

• You can say whatever you want but you still got to work to earn some money for living.“You can say whatever you want, but you still have to work to earn some money to live.”
• I got to help Alice even though I don’t have plenty of time for that.– I have to help Alice, although I don’t have too much time for this.
• I know you want me to stay but, I’m sorry, I really gotta go.“I know you want me to stay, but I’m sorry, I really have to go.”

Have to or Must?

In many cases have to can replace the modal verb must, which also indicates the need to do something.

• Oh, it’s later than I thought. I must go now.
• Oh, it’s later than I thought. I have to go now.- Oh, it's later than I thought. I have to go.

• You must have a passport to go abroad.
• You have to have a passport to go abroad.– You must have a passport to travel abroad.

However, there are certain differences in the use of the design have to and verb must.

Design have to has the forms of present, past ( had to) and future tense ( will have to). The verb must itself is used only in one form and to a greater extent expresses personal decisions, sensations, and feelings.

• Active Voice
• Peter must leave the city today.– Peter must leave the city today. (the present)
• Peter had to leave the city the next day. Peter was supposed to leave town the next day. (past)

• I must read this book now.– I have to read this book now. (the present)
• I will have to read this book next semester.– I will have to read this book next semester. (future)

• Passive Voice
• It must be done right now!– This must be done now! (the present)
• It had to be done yesterday.- This should have been done yesterday. (past)

Also design have to carries a connotation of the need to do something due to prevailing circumstances, and not of one’s own free will, that is, it can be translated as “ have to», « forced», « must".

• I have to stay at home because my mother asked me to.– I have to stay at home because my mother asked me to. (Must not by choice)
• You have to help your sister because you have promised you would.– You must help your sister because you promised her to do so.
• He can't keep this puppy. He has to give it back to the owner even if he doesn’t want to.“He can’t keep this puppy.” He is obliged to return it to the owner, even if he does not want to do this.

Have or Have to

It is necessary to distinguish between expressions have to do / tell / show something And have something to do / tell / show.

• have as a regular verb
• I have something to tell you.– I want to tell you something.

• have to as modaldesign
• I have to tell you something.– I have to tell you something.

In the first example the verb have used as a regular verb expressing the presence of information or an object that the speaker wants to talk about. In the second sentence have to used as a modal construction and conveys a specific need for action.

• I have something to do this weekend.– I have something to do this weekend.
• I have to do something this weekend.– I have to do something this weekend.

• Jack has something to show to his friend. Jack wants to show his friend something.
• Jack has to show something to his friend. Jack has to show his friend something.

I must answer this letter. (= I have to answer this letter.)
I must answer this letter.

Forms of the modal verb must:

MUST is used in all persons and can refer to the present and future tense.

I must do it now. I have to do this now.
I must do it tomorrow. I have to do this tomorrow.

In the past time must used only in indirect speech.

Negative form: must not (mustn’t).

Interrogative form: must I? etc.

Interrogative-negative form: must I not? (mustn’t I?), etc.

Instead of a verb must verb can be used have to in the present and future tenses, and in the present and past tenses in colloquial form it is used have got to, had got to etc.

In the past tense instead of a verb must verb used have in the past tense followed by an infinitive with to (had to) or had got to.

The interrogative form of the phrase have to is formed using the auxiliary verb to do, and have got to - by placing the verb have before the subject.

The negative form of the phrase have to is formed using the auxiliary verb to do, and have got to - by posing a negation not after the verb have.

There is no particular difference in meaning between interrogative forms in the present tense. Have I got to? And Do I have to? etc. no, but the latter is preferable for expressing habitual actions. There is no particular difference between the forms of have to in the past tense Had I (got) to? And Did I have to? etc., however the latter is preferable.

Future turnover time have to is formed in the same way as the future simple indefinite tense when using any other verb.

Why does he have to go there? (= Why has he got to go there?)
Why should he go there?

I don't have to go there. (= I haven’t got to go there.)
I don't need to go there.

We didn't have to go there with John.
We didn't have to go there with John.

Did he have to go there with her?
Did he have to go there with her?

Will he have to ask her about it again?
Does he really have to ask her about this again?

I shan’t have to go to that place again.
I won't have to go there again.

Using the verbs must and have to

In the affirmative:

1. Must- to express moral obligation, obligation, imposed by someone or coming from the speaker, as well as internally realized necessity.

You must make your bed yourself.
You must make your own bed.

Go if you must.
Go if you have to (if you think it's necessary).

I must go immediately.
I need to go immediately (since it may be late, etc.).

Have to- to express an obligation, but caused by circumstances.

You will have to make your bed yourself when you join the army.
You'll have to make your own bed when you join the army. ( The army obliges you to do this.)

He has to get up at 7 o'clock.
He must get up at 7 o'clock. ( Circumstances force him - for example, he studies on the first shift.)

Please note:
For the 1st person this difference is less significant.
Have to usually used to express a common action, often repeated, turning into a habit.
Must used to express an extremely necessary, important action.

I have to be at my office at nine every day.
I have to be at work every day at 9 o'clock.

We have to water this cactus twice a month.
We have to water this cactus twice a month.

I must ring him up at 10. It’s very important.
I have to call him at 10 o'clock. It is very important.

2. Must- to express urgent advice or invitation. In such cases it is translated into Russian (necessarily) must, (certainly) must.

You must come and see our new house. It's so lovely.
You should definitely come and see our new home. He is so beautiful.

You must read this article.
You should definitely read this article.

In question form:

1. Must and its equivalents have to And have got to- to express obligation and necessity. At the same time, the equivalents have to and have got to are more common in these meanings in the question than must, since they do not convey additional shades of reluctance, irritation, etc., characteristic of the use of the verb must, which means “necessarily must.”

Must I go there immediately?
Do I have to go there immediately?

When does he have to go there? (When has he got to go there?)
When should he go there?

2. Have to used more often than must to express an obligation in the future, forced from the outside.

Shall I have to answer your question? When will you have to do it?
Do I need to answer your question? When will you need to do this?

3. Have to and (less often) must used to express a common action that is often repeated.

Child: Must I clean my teeth tonight?
Child: Should I brush my teeth tonight?

Do you have to wind your watch every day?
Do you have to wind your watch every day?

In the negative form must not or need not is used.

Must not - indicates that the action is prohibited.
Need not - shows that there is no need to perform an action.

You must not speak like that to your mother.
You shouldn't talk to your mother like that.

You mustn't miss your lectures.
You shouldn't miss lectures.

If you have a headache you need not go to school.
If you have a headache, you shouldn't go to school.

In answers to questions starting with a verb must, used in an affirmative answer must, in the negative - needn't.

Mustn't also has the meaning of a categorical prohibition ( cannot, must not, prohibited), and therefore this form is typical for prohibiting messages to children, expressing warnings in advertisements, etc.

You mustn't go there anyway.
In any case, you can't go there.

Mustn’t is also used to mean “cannot” in a negative answer to the question May...? (Is it possible...?).

May I take that pen? -Can I take that pen? -
No, you mustn't. No you can not.

2. Must used to express an assumption. At the same time, notice the difference in the use of structures

must + Indefinite Infinitive and must + Perfect Infinitive

Must + Indefinite Infinitive used to express probability, assumptions that the speaker believes
quite plausible. This combination translates it should probably be and is used in relation to action in the present tense.

They must know his address.
1. They must (probably) know his address.
2. They must know his address.

Not must be in the library now.
1. He must be in the library now.
2. He should be in the library now.

Must + Perfect Infinitive is used to express a possibility, an assumption of the same nature, but in relation to the past tense, and is also translated as it should probably be.

They must have known his address.
They must have known his address.

They must have forgotten my address.
They must (probably) have forgotten my address.

She must have gone to her parents.
She must have gone to her parents.

In Russian, the short answer consists of just one word: Yes or No. When giving a short answer in English, you can say Yes or No and you will be understood, but it will sound rude. The short answer in English has its own characteristics. The full answer is used less frequently; it contains the verb in its full form and all the words related to it.

The modal verb have to is not insufficient (unlike other modal verbs) and can take different forms depending on the categories of person and number, as well as having verb forms.

They knew what they had to do. “They knew what they had to do.”

I have read a lot of books about oil production. – I read a lot of books about oil production.

Having to live alone, she wanted all her time for work. “Living alone, she wanted to devote all her time to work.

My impression was that he was having to force himself to come here. “I got the impression that he had to force himself to come here.”

Question and denial

Interrogative and negative sentences are formed using the auxiliary to do, which comes at the beginning of the sentence in general questions and after the question word (Where? What?) in special ones.

Why does he have to do everything? – Why did he have to do everything?

Did they have to work all night? – Did they have to work all night?

You don’t have to show me the broken vase – I believe you. “You don’t need to show me a broken vase - I believe you.”

Time

We can find this verb in three tenses - the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite and the Future Indefinite.

I have to wash the dishes every day. – I have to wash the dishes every day.

He had to stay there for a while. “He had to stay there for a while.”

I will have to take my sister with me to the cinema, as usual. – I’ll have to take my sister with me to the cinema, as usual.

Meanings have to

This modal verb has the following meanings, which are closely related to each other.

Duty

In the first meaning, it expresses an obligation or necessity that arose due to some circumstances. Translation into Russian looks like “have to”, “forced”. This meaning of the verb can only be found in combination with a simple infinitive.

She had to tell this. “She had to say it.”

Did she have to tell this? – Was she forced to say this?

Absence of necessity

In negative sentences, have to is used when the speaker wants to show that some action does not need to be performed.

You don't have to ask the permission. -You don't need to ask permission.

He doesn't have to come here. “He doesn’t need to come here.”

Must

When used in the present tense, the verbs must and have to are similar in meaning, however, each of them retains its specific semantic shades. Thus, must denotes an obligation or necessity that did not arise due to any circumstances, but exists in the opinion of the speaker himself. Sentences with the modal verb must will help you better understand this difference.

I must tell her this. – I have to tell her this (= I want to tell her this).

They must finish this project themselves. – They must complete this project themselves (= I don’t want to help them).

Note:

• The verb has only one form (must); it cannot be conjugated by person or number. When used in the present tense, it refers to events in the present and future.
• If the verb is combined with a perfect infinitive (to have + V3/Ved), it denotes actions in the past. In the context of the past tense, this construction is used only in indirect speech.

Similar modal verbs

Values

Let's look at the meanings of must and compare in which uses these modal verbs are similar and in which they are not.

• An expression of obligation (from the speaker’s point of view).

  You must talk to your friend about his grades. – You should talk to your friend about his grades (=I believe that you can influence him).

  In different contexts, it can acquire different semantic connotations, such as obligation, necessity. Such cases can be found in affirmative and interrogative sentences, and the verb will be accompanied by a simple infinitive.

• The modal verb must in the negative form expresses a prohibition (in contrast to have to, which expresses the absence of necessity).

  He must not come here. – He shouldn’t come here (=this is my opinion).

• Strong advice.

  You must come and see me when you are in Moscow. – You should come and see me when you are in Moscow.

  You mustn’t miss this lesson – it is very useful. – You should not miss this lesson - it is very useful.

• An assumption expressing the high possibility of an action or a certain state of affairs.

  We must be late because I don’t see his car. – We must be late because I don’t see his car.

Now that you have learned the difference between the modal verb have to, the exercises will help you reinforce what you have learned. Read and translate the sentences, explain each consumption case, then make up your own examples.

Exercises

Using the video lesson, you can listen to additional examples: