Eros god of love. God Eros - a beautiful celestial inhabitant of Greece

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God of Love - Eros (Cupid, Cupid)... Rene Menard "Myths of Ancient Greece in Art" (part-1)

“I love you,” I said without loving - Suddenly winged Cupid flew in and, taking your hand like a leader, dragged me after you...

Love has come into the world...

Birth of the god Eros (Cupid)

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Just over two thousand years ago, the Roman poet Publius Ovid Naso described the triumph of Cupid this way:

Oh, why does the bed seem so hard to me,
And my blanket does not lie well on the sofa?
And why did I spend such a long night sleepless,
And, spinning restlessly, your body is tired and hurts?
I would feel, I think, if I were tormented by Cupid,
Or has a cunning person crept in, harming you with hidden art?
Yes it is. Thin-sharp arrows are already sitting in the heart;
Having conquered my soul, the fierce Cupid torments...
Yes, I admit, Cupid, I have become your new prey,
I am defeated and I surrender myself to your power.
There's no need for a battle at all. I ask for mercy and peace.
You have nothing to boast about; I, unarmed, defeated...
Your fresh catch is me, having received a recent wound,
In a captive soul I will bear the burden of unusual shackles
A sound mind behind you with hands in chains will lead you,
Shame, and everything that will harm mighty Love...
Your companions will be Madness, Caresses and Passions;
They will all stubbornly follow you in a crowd.
With this army you constantly humble people and gods,
If you lose this support, you will become powerless and naked...

The cult of Eros, the god of love, existed already in ancient times among the Greeks. Eros was considered one of the oldest gods. God Eros (in Roman mythology - the god Cupid) personifies that powerful force that attracts one living being to another and thanks to which everything living is born and the human race continues.

Eros is not only the god of love between different sexes, but Eros is also the god of friendship between men and boys. In many Greek male gymnasiums (wrestling schools), the image of the god Eros (Cupid) stood next to the statues of the god Hermes (Mercury) and the demigod Hercules (Hercules).

Cupid shooting an arrow, 1761, St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace (Charles-Andre van Loo)

There were many options for the origin of Eros:

Hesiod has one of the first four cosmogonic potencies (according to A.F. Losev, along with Chaos, Gaia and Tartarus: “among the eternal gods, the most beautiful is Eros. Sweet-tongued, he conquers the earthly soul in the chest of all gods and people and deprives everyone of reasoning "(Theogony, 120-122) (translated by V.V. Veresaev).
According to Alcaeus, son of Zephyr and Iris.
According to Sappho, son of Aphrodite and Uranus.
According to Simonides, son of Ares and Aphrodite.
According to Akusilaus, Eros, Ether and Metis are the children of Erebus and Nyukta, who in turn descended from Chaos.

According to Orphic cosmogony, he was born from an egg laid by Night or created by Chronos. Called the great daimon.
Following the Orphics, the Pythagoreans believed that the soul of every person is bisexual and has male and female halves, which are called Eros and Psyche.
According to Ferecydes, “Zeus, intending to be a demiurge, turned into Eros: creating a cosmos of opposites, he brought it to harmony and love and sowed in everything an identity and unity that permeates the universe.
According to Parmenides - the creation of Aphrodite, in his cosmogony he writes that she created him “the first of all gods.”

Portrait of I.Ya. Yakimov - the illegitimate son of N.P. Sheremetyev in the costume of Cupid. Timing belt 1790

According to Euripides, the son of Zeus, or Zeus and Aphrodite.
According to Pausanias, son of Ilithyia.
Plato has the son of Poros-wealth and Penia-poverty (“Feast” 203b, further - according to Diotima), which is why his dual nature intends him to be a medium, a mediator for people in the pursuit of good and for the gods in descending to people.
Son of Chaos.
According to some version, the son of Gaia.
His father was also called Kronos, Orpheus, etc.
According to Hebrews, the son of Hephaestus and Aphrodite.
According to Cotta's speech, there were three:

Son of Hermes and the first Artemis.
Son of Hermes and the second Aphrodite.
The son of Ares and the third Aphrodite, aka Anteros.
According to Nonnus, he was born near the city of Beroi

According to the myths of ancient Greece, the origin of the god Eros is unknown, and no one knows who his father is, but late antique poets and artists began to recognize the goddess Aphrodite (Venus) and the god Ares (Mars) as the parents of the god Eros.

Birth of the god Eros-Cupid

The birth of the god Eros-Cupid [in the Russian tradition, this ancient god is also called Cupid] served as the subject for many paintings. Of these, one of the best is considered to be Lezuer's painting, depicting the goddess Venus surrounded by the Three Graces. One of the Graces gives Venus a lovely child - the god Cupid.

The god Eros was always depicted as a boy barely reaching adolescence. The goddess Aphrodite (Venus), seeing that her son was hardly growing, asked the goddess Thetis what was the reason for this. Thetis replied that the child Eros will grow up when he has a companion who will love him.

Eros and Anteros

Eros and Anteros

Aphrodite then gave Eros Anterot as a comrade (translated from ancient Greek as “divided, mutual love”).
Anteros (Anterot, Anterot, ancient Greek Ἀντέρως) is the god of mutual (“reciprocal”) love, as well as a god who takes revenge on those who do not reciprocate love or mock those who have feelings.

According to the beliefs of the ancient Greeks, first there was dark Chaos, then simultaneously from Chaos arose Chronos (Kronos - Time), passionate Eros (Eros - Love) and cold-blooded, rational Anteros (Anterot - Denial of Love). Sometimes Eros and Anteros are considered twin brothers and their simultaneous birth in Ancient Greece was considered almost sacred.

The most terrible curse in Ancient Greece was considered to be hatred generated by love. It was precisely this kind of hatred that Anteros patronized. It generated a passionate desire to destroy the object of love. People unable to love were considered possessed by Anteros. The god Apollo always ridiculed Eros, for which the women he loved were obsessed with Anteros (nymph Daphne, Cassandra).

In Efremov’s novel “Thais of Athens” there is an episode in which Thais experiences horror at the sight of the Anteros altar, considering him the god of anti-love.

When they are together, the god Eros grows, but becomes small again as soon as Anterot leaves him. The meaning of this ancient allegory is that love or friendship must be shared by another person in order to grow and develop.

Erostasia. Aphrodite and Hermes weigh Love (Eros and Anteros)

Education of Eros

The education of the god Eros by the goddess Aphrodite (Venus) was very often depicted in antiquity on cameos and engraved stones. Mother Aphrodite plays with Eros, takes away his bow or arrows, teases Eros and frolics with him. But the playful child Eros does not remain in debt to his mother, and the goddess Aphrodite more than once experiences the effects of the arrows of the god Eros.

Cupid training


Cupid training


Cupid training

Eros, according to ancient mythology, is a civilizer who managed to soften the rudeness of primitive morals. Ancient art took advantage of this idea and, wanting to show the irresistible power of the god Eros (Cupid), began to depict Eros as a tamer of wild and ferocious animals.

On many cameos and engraved stones of antiquity, the god Eros is depicted riding a lion, which he tamed and turned into a tame beast. Eros is often depicted on a chariot harnessed to wild animals.

God Eros (Cupid) is terrible not only to people, but also to the gods. Zeus (Jupiter), foreseeing just before the birth of Eros all the troubles that he would do, ordered the goddess Aphrodite (Venus) to kill Eros, but Aphrodite hid her son in the forest, where wild animals fed him.

Ancient poets and writers constantly talk about the cruelty of the god Eros, that Eros knows no pity, that Eros inflicts incurable wounds, forces people to commit the most reckless acts and leads to crimes.

Time to cut off Cupid's wings

The ancient Greek poet Anacreon has several lovely poems on this topic. Here is one of them:

“In the middle of the night, at that hour when all mortals are fast asleep, the god Eros appears and knocks on my door. “Who's knocking there? - I exclaim. “Who interrupts my dreams, full of charm?” - “Open it!” - God Eros answers me. “Don’t be afraid, I’m small, I’m all wet from the rain, the moon has disappeared somewhere, and I lost my way in the darkness of the night.” Hearing the words of Eros, I feel sorry for the poor fellow, I light my lamp, open the door and see a child in front of me; he has wings, a bow, a quiver and arrows; I bring him to my fireplace, warm his cold fingers in my hands, wipe his wet hair. But as soon as the god Eros had time to recover a little, he took up his bow and arrows. “I want,” says Eros, “to see if the bowstring is damp.” God Eros pulls it, pierces my heart with an arrow and says to me, bursting into ringing laughter: “My hospitable host, rejoice; my bow is completely healthy, but your heart is sick.”

Type and distinctive features of the god Eros

In art, the god Eros has two completely different types: Eros is depicted either as a lovely winged child playing with his mother, or as a young man.

In the Pio-Clementine Museum there is a beautiful type of Eros as a youth. Unfortunately, only the head and shoulders survived.

The ancient Greek sculptor Praxiteles was the first to give the ideal type of the god Eros, which served as the prototype for all subsequent statues of this god.

Praxiteles was a great admirer of the beautiful hetaera Phryne, who asked Praxiteles to give her the best of his works. Praxiteles agreed to fulfill the request of the hetaera Phryne, but still could not decide to indicate which of his statues he considered the best. Then the hetaera Phryne resorted to the following trick. Phryne ordered one of her slaves to come and tell Praxiteles that his workshop was on fire; the alarmed artist rushed to the door, shouting that all the fruits of his many years of labor would be lost if the flames did not spare his two statues - the Satyr and the god Eros. Hetera Phryne reassured Praxiteles, saying that it was only a test and that now she knows which works Praxiteles considers the best. Phryne chose a statue of Eros for herself.

Kaufman Angelika, Praxiteles gives. Phryne statue of Eros


Statues of Aphrodite of Knidos (copies), depicting the image of the hetaera Phryne - the muse of the sculptor Praxiteles

Hetera Phryne brought as a gift a statue of the god Eros by Praxiteles to her native city of Thespia, which had just been devastated by Alexander the Great. The statue of Eros was placed in a temple dedicated to the god of love, and people from different countries began to come there just to admire this great work of art. “Thespia,” says Cicero on this occasion, “has now been turned into nothing by Alexander, but the god Cupid of Praxiteles appeared in it, and there is no traveler who would not turn to this city to look at this beautiful statue.”

"Eros Stretching the Bow" Marble. Roman work of the 2nd century. n. e. based on the Greek original (Hermitage)

The Roman emperor Caligula transferred the statue of Eros Praxiteles to Rome, and the emperor Claudius returned it to the Thespians, the emperor Nero took it away again, and it perished in a fire that destroyed most of Rome.

The famous Greek sculptor Lysippos also sculpted a statue of the god Eros. The statue of Eros by Lysippos was placed in the same temple where the work of Praxiteles was located.

In the temple of the goddess Aphrodite in Athens there was a famous painting by Zeuxis, depicting the god of love Eros, crowned with roses.

Before the Roman rule, the god Eros continued to be depicted as young men, stately and graceful in form. Only in this era does the god Eros appear on monuments of ancient art in the form of a winged and healthy child. The distinctive features of Eros the child are wings, a bow, and a quiver of arrows.

Attributed to Michelangelo Maestri (Italian, d. 1812) auction christies

Modern art very often depicted the god Cupid. In one of the rooms of the Vatican, Raphael painted Cupid on a chariot, driven by butterflies and swans. Almost all museums contain paintings by Raphael depicting the little god of love and the goddess Venus.

Cupid steals honey. Albrecht Durer, 1514 The god Cupid runs from a swarm of bees to his mother, the goddess Venus.

Correggio and Titian painted the god Cupid in various poses and forms, but no one depicted the god of love as often as Rubens: in almost all art galleries you can find his plump, ruddy and cheerful Cupids.

In the French school, Poussin, Lesueur, and especially Boucher, are artists - specialists of Cupids, charming and cheerful, but in no way reminiscent of the ideal type of Praxiteles.

Hans Zatzka

The artist Vien painted an interesting picture, the plot of which was borrowed from an ancient painting - it is called “The Cupid Trader”.

Prudhon also left many paintings, the subjects of which were the various adventures of the god Cupid. This god often shoots his arrows at random, like a blind man who does not see the goal, and that is why poets call love blind. Correggio and Titian, wanting to personify this idea, depicted the goddess Venus putting a blindfold on her son.

A cartoon for adults, which is based on a version of the ancient Greek myth from Simonides about the birth of the god of Love from Aphodite and Ares. Despite the resistance of the Olympian gods, Love came into the world. Eros is destined to transform the world, to give new meaning and significance to human relationships.

Venus and Cupid

Cupid is a small winged bully with a quiver of arrows behind him that strike to the very heart. His image is found in paintings from various eras, and the legend of the god of love is rooted in ancient mythology.

Origin story

Cupid has several names. The divine being is also called Cupid, in the ancient Greek version - Eros. A character from ancient Roman myths, he is the patron saint of love. Born of a goddess, the baby appears in the guise of a mischievous angel, striving to pierce the heart of the first hero he meets or dislikes with an arrow of love for the sake of prank. He is accompanied by important attributes: a quiver, a bow and arrows, with which he strikes, making you fall in love. Both mere mortals and gods were subject to Cupid's arrows.

This character is famous for his touching love story connecting him with a simple earthly girl named. Cupid's mother, the goddess Venus, ordered her son to punish the beauty she did not like. But the son was seduced by Psyche and, falling in love, became her husband. The girl did not know who became her chosen one, since mere mortals did not allow themselves to look up to the gods. The family idyll seemed delightful until the sisters provoked Psyche to spy on Cupid. Having obeyed her relatives, the girl angered Cupid. He left his beloved, destroying everything they had in marriage.

Psyche was heartbroken for her husband and, in despair, went to the temple of Venus. Praying to her mother-in-law for forgiveness, she dared to go through the obstacles set before her in the form of difficult tasks. Venus thought of killing the girl and getting rid of her, but Psyche overcame the difficulties with the help of love.

The final test was moving the box into the underworld. Inside him lay the beauty of the wife of the god Pluto. An important condition of the task was a ban on opening the box. Psyche again could not resist temptation. Inside the box was a dead dream that struck the beauty. Cupid found his beloved and helped her come to her senses. The hero forgave the girl. The gods, who saw the power of the love of young people, made Psyche a goddess.

Ancient Greek mythology reveals a similar plot. He became a source of inspiration for artists, so the image of Cupid, aka Cupid, aka Eros, was glorified in literature, fine arts, sculpture and architecture.

The mythological character appears in the form of a fair-haired angel, personifying sublime feelings. The little boy's face is decorated with blush and a playful smile, and there are often beautiful flowers in pastel shades around him. It is curious that women’s lips are often compared to Cupid’s weapon due to the similarity of shape.

On the Day, the image of Cupid is extremely popular, although the Roman deity, as well as the Greek god Eros, were considered a creature of chaos due to their freedom-loving disposition. The Valentine's Day is accompanied by thematic paraphernalia, which usually depicts little angels shooting arrows towards hopeless skeptics.

Cupid in culture

Helper in Greek culture and son of Venus in Roman culture was not considered a key figure in mythology. But he was often sung in the Hellenistic era and during the Renaissance. They resorted to his image using the hero as a symbol. He does not need to be an active character to be present on the canvas or in the sculptural ensemble. Cupid was depicted to hint at the presence of a love leitmotif in the described plot.

The young man is often depicted in paintings describing the seduction of beautiful maidens. Cupid also appears before the public in scenes where Venus and Adonis interact. The messenger of love plays with tools and a club, causing an association with disarming feelings.

Those who were disappointed in the boy punished him severely. So did Minerva, whose images personify chastity.

The image of Cupid was glorified during the Renaissance. Statues dedicated to him often became decorations for tombstones and family crypts. Cupid (or Cupid in an alternative interpretation) is the hero of the painting by the artist Lezuer. It depicts Venus surrounded by three Graces, one of whom hands the goddess the baby Cupid.

According to legend, Eros did not grow until he had a friend capable of loving him. This was Anterot, who, in contrast to Eros, was responsible for mutual love.

The poet Anacreon dedicated several poems to the popular legend that Jupiter ordered Cupid to kill his mother. Venus hid the child in the forest, where he was raised by wild animals. This legend is described in the paintings of Prudhon. He also captured the love adventures of Cupid on canvas.

God Eros personifies lustful attraction, and Cupid represents tender romantic relationships?? and got the best answer

Answer from Anatoly Roset[guru]
EROS.
Blessed are the inhabitants of heaven until
They are separated from earthly passions,
But only Eros will prick them with an arrow -
How mortals are forced to suffer!
Vyazemsky
Eros is the son of Aphrodite and Ares. Eros (or, more commonly, Eros) is the god of uncontrollable love passion. Later he became the god of romantic love and from a worthless evil Skoda with a bow, whom all the other gods were afraid of, whom he could easily and simply deprive of their minds with one arrow, turned into a chubby baby. But this happened much later.
...In Ancient Rome, Eros (Cupid) received the name Cupid (“Love”) and became especially popular. Apuleius created a legend that tells about the desire of the human soul in the image of Psyche (“psyche” - soul) to find Love.
Thin-sharp arrows are already sitting in the heart;
Having conquered my soul, the fierce Cupid torments...
Yes, I admit, Cupid, I have become your new prey,
I am defeated and I surrender myself to your power.
Publius Ovid Naso
Low Eros is accessible to every healthy organism (and not necessarily only to humans). Sublime - overshadows the chosen ones, like inspiration, ecstasy.
However, over the past decades, with the triumph of technical civilization, the many-sided Eros is giving way to a primitive feeling that satisfies only sexual desire. The expression “making love” rather than loving has become popular. We have to talk about the triumph not of Cupid, but of the base Eros, united not with Psyche, but with the satisfaction of a physiological need. This is how modern consumer society deals with the ancient deity who spiritualizes the life of nature.
Source: Translated from Latin, “Cupid” means “lust.”

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: God Eros personifies lustful attraction, and Cupid represents tender romantic relationships??

Answer from NO[guru]
Yes.

Answer from Yochallenger[guru]
Eros is the god of love and sexual desire. Traditionally (meaning the Hellenistic and Roman periods) he is depicted as just a boy, blond and winged, capricious and cunning. He often serves his mother in exchange for some absolutely useless gift (but in Apollonius of Rhodes, Eros completely pushes Aphrodite around). And in general, each person will probably be able to imagine Eros more clearly if he remembers his own child (or a child he knows).
Later, Eros appears as a young man, very similar in appearance to a cherub, with the only difference being that Eros is still armed with a golden bow and arrows, capable of both kindling and destroying love in the hearts of mortals and celestials.
Epithets and names: Eros/Eros (“Love”), Cupid (Roman, “Lust”), Cupid (Roman, “Love”).
Attributes: golden bow and arrows, there are images of Eros with a torch. Favorite plant is rose. There is a myth that explains the presence of thorns on the stem of a plant: once Eros picked a flower, but a bee hid in its bud. Frightened, the insect stung Eros, and the god, bursting into tears, flew away to his mother. To console her son, Aphrodite took the stings from the bees and covered the stems of the roses with them.
Reverence. In Boeotia, a raw block of marble was revered, which was considered the embodiment of Eros and the greatest shrine. In the temple of Eros that existed here, holidays were celebrated in his honor - erotidia - once every five years. The Spartans made sacrifices to Eros before battles.
Psyche or Psyche (ancient Greek Ψυχή, “soul”, “breath”) - in ancient Greek mythology the personification of the soul, breath; was represented in the form of a butterfly or a young girl with butterfly wings. In myths, she was pursued by Eros (Cupid), then she took revenge on him for his persecution, then there was the most tender love between them. Although ideas about the soul have been found since Homer, the myth of Psyche was first developed only by Apuleius in his novel Metamorphoses, or the Golden Ass.

Most often, Cupid is represented as a cute blond boy with wings, a wonderful curly angel. This mischievous little boy flies between people and looks out for those whom it is time to hit with the arrows of love. In sculpture and painting, Cupid was a favorite character and a striking example that personifies the brightest human feelings. Cupid was depicted with a smile on his face, wearing white and gold flowers, and in his hands he had the “instrument of love” - a bow and arrows.

Cupid is the son of at least three mythologies: Roman, Greek (Eros), Latin. What unites these three mythologies is the theme of love. Most of the legends about Cupid are associated with Roman mythology, where he is the son of Venus, the goddess of love, who, having ruled, sent him on missions to unite hearts. The essence of the tasks was that the arrow shot by Cupid at any person would make him fall in love with the first person he met.

Particularly interesting is the legend about the love of Cupid himself and his wife Psyche. He was the son of the Goddess, she was an ordinary laywoman, which she could not accept

Venus, and the divine beauty of Psyche aggravated the goddess’s hostility.

Psyche and Cupid never saw each other in their married life, because ordinary people are not given the opportunity to see gods. Cupid asked not to try to find out his name or see his face, because in this case he would have to leave her forever. But the interest and persuasion of the sisters were stronger than the ban for Psyche.

One night, Psyche lit a lamp and began to examine her husband, who turned out to be the beautiful Eros; while she, amazed by the beauty of his face, admired the sleeping man, a hot drop of oil fell from the lamp onto the god’s shoulder and he woke up. Offended by the treachery and frivolity of his wife, he flew away from her, and she, abandoned, went across the earth to look for her lover. Psyche was forced to bow to Venus, who, in order to destroy the girl, prepared 4 impossible tasks for her.

1. Venus showed Psyche the seeds of different plants, mixed into one huge pile, and told her to sort them before nightfall. Ants helped Psyche complete this task.

2. The next task was to get the golden fleece from wild and ferocious rams. The reeds near the river, beyond which there was a field where golden fleece rams were grazing, told the girl to wait until nightfall and, unnoticed, collect wool from the blackberry bushes and tree branches in the grove where the rams were grazing.

3. Then Venus gave Psyche a crystal jug and ordered it to be filled with water from a river that flowed from a high mountain, disappeared into the bowels of the earth, and rose again to the mountain peaks. It was an endless cycle in which the water stream, returning to its source, immediately rolled down, reaching the underworld. The eagle completed this task for the girl.

4. The last task was to bring a box with wonderful ointments from the underworld. But Psyche did not know that in the box, obtained with great difficulty, was the spirit of Sleep, which put her to sleep right on the road.

Cupid, flying past, saw traces of suffering on Psyche's face, remembered his love for her and all her torment, and, driving the spirit of Sleep back into the box, woke Psyche with a tender kiss. He forgave her, and all the Roman Gods, seeing the power of love, accepted Psyche as a goddess.

The son of Psyche and Cupid was named Pleasure.

A child can give a wonderful Cupid, a sand painting, which is included in the Valentine's Day themed box, to a friend or grandmother if she knows how to fry delicious pies :)

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Unfortunately, today his appearance is greatly distorted by the influence of Roman culture, which is why many people imagine him as a little boy. However, true Eros differs from this image both externally and internally.

The first mention of the great god

Naturally, such rumors infuriated Aphrodite. In a fit of anger, she asks her son to shoot an arrow into her heart so that it will make her fall in love with the ugliest man. God Eros obediently listened to his mother’s words and went to the house where Psyche lived. But when he saw a beautiful woman, he fell in love with her unconditionally.

The trouble was that the laws of Olympus forbade mortals to see Eros. Therefore, he began to come to Psyche only under the cover of darkness, so that she would not see his face. But the girl still loved the young god with all her heart. They soon got married, but even after that, Eros came to his wife only on dark nights.

And everything would have been fine if not for the envious sisters of Psyche. After the wedding, they began to slander Eros, convincing the young wife that her chosen one was a real monster. Alas, poor Psyche believed their words and decided to break the vow given to her husband. She carried a candle and a knife into the bedroom in order to see the true appearance of Eros, and, if necessary, kill him.

However, it was not a monster that appeared to her, but a beautiful young man. This made her hands tremble and drops of wax flew straight onto her lover’s body. Opening his eyes, Eros saw his wife holding a knife in her hand, and, shocked by such betrayal, flew away from her.

The end of the story

God Eros was very offended by the girl and did not appear in front of her for a long time. Separation tore Psyche's heart into pieces, so she decided to find her lover herself. And then Aphrodite came into play. Driven by a thirst for revenge, she tricked the girl into going down to the Underworld and finding Persephone's box there.

Psyche completed all of Aphrodite’s tasks, but after opening the ill-fated box, she fell asleep. Fortunately, Eros found out about this and saved her by pricking her with his arrow. After this, he turned to Zeus himself for help. The Supreme God was in a good mood and agreed to reconcile the mother and daughter-in-law. Subsequently, he bestowed his blessing on Psyche and made her one of the immortal goddesses of Olympus.