Space in English. In the outer space

Long gone are the days when people believed that the world stood on three pillars and the Sun revolved around the Earth. Even 200 years ago, launching rockets ( to launch space rockets) seemed incomprehensible to the mind. And today there are thousands of satellites ( satellites), shuttles ( shuttles) and spaceships ( spaceships) plow through outer space ( to travel in the outer space). Astronomy ( astronomy) and cosmology ( cosmology) develop very quickly.

Man has already become cramped on Earth ( the Earth). In our century, research is relevant ( exploration) other space objects ( space objects) and celestial bodies ( celestial bodies). Scientists continue to debate whether parallel universes exist ( parallel universes) and is there intelligent life ( intelligent life) on other planets. The question of the origin of the universe ( origin of the Universe) also remains the subject of heated debate in specialist circles.

Space objects and phenomena in English

What is there in space? Nebulae form in space ( nebulas) and black holes ( black holes), stars appear and go out ( stars), comets fly ( comets) and asteroids ( asteroids).

All planets in the solar system have gravity ( gravity). Thanks to gravity, many celestial bodies such as satellites ( satellites), comets and asteroids, do not travel randomly through space, but revolve around ( to circle around) planets ( planets) and the Sun ( the Sun). Sometimes comets and asteroids collide and break into many pieces. These fragments are called meteoroids ( meteoroids).

Some meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere ( ) and burn due to friction ( friction), emitting bright light. This is what we call a meteor ( a meteor) or a shooting star (a shooting/falling star). A meteoroid that collided with the surface of a planet is a meteorite ( a meteorite).

In the table you will find many useful words to describe space in English:

Universe - Universe

Despite the fact that space is conventionally considered infinite ( infinite), it is not unorganized chaos. From the point of view of science, space is considered as a system that has its own structures and patterns. In English there are several words for space:

1. Universe- Universe.

   The most general word that denotes all objects and matter that exist in space, including the Earth. The word "Universe" can also be a unique object if we are talking about the Universe in which we live. In this case, it is written with a capital letter and with a definite article: the Universe.

   Scientists are still intrigued by the question of existing of other universes. – Scientists are still interested in the question of the existence of other Universes.

   The Universe is more than 10 billion years old. – Our Universe is more than 10 billion years old.

2. Space (outer space) - space.

   One of the meanings of the word space- space. In the realities of the English-speaking world it is called “remote space” ( outer space). This word refers exclusively to what is outside the Earth’s atmosphere: planets, stars, meteorites, black holes, asteroids, etc.

   Space is full of mysteries. – Space is full of mysteries.

   Is it possible that we will see the visitors from outer space? – Is it possible that we will see aliens from outer space?

3. Cosmos- Universe, space.

   Word cosmos has a narrower meaning compared to other words. Cosmos is the Universe, which is considered from the point of view of an ordered system. That is, a system in which everything works according to a certain model and does not appear just like that. Also in the word cosmos originally intended to mean “the opposite of chaos” ( opposite of chaos).

   The structure of the cosmos has not been fully explored yet. – The structure of space has not yet been fully studied.

   Cosmology studies the origin and evolution of cosmos. – Cosmology studies the origin and evolution of space.

The Solar System – Solar System

Solar system ( the Solar System) includes the Sun ( the Sun) and all objects that rotate around ( to orbit around) him. There are eight planets in the solar system: four terrestrial planets ( inner/terrestrial planets) and four giant planets ( outer/giant planets).

Terrestrial planets are so called because they are similar in appearance and composition to Earth. All these planets are made of rocks ( rocks) and metals ( metals). This group includes Mercury ( Mercury), Venus ( Venus), Earth ( Earth) and Mars ( Mars).

Between Mars and Jupiter there is a huge asteroid belt ( an asteroid belt), behind which the giant planets are located. There are gas giants ( gas giants) – Jupiter ( Jupiter) and Saturn ( Saturn), as well as ice giants ( ice giants) – Uranus ( Uranus) and Neptune ( Neptune).

The nature of dwarf planets is mysterious and unclear ( dwarf planets). Some of them were lucky enough to be planets, some were both planets and asteroids. There are currently 5 dwarf planets: Pluto ( Pluto), Ceres ( Ceres), Eris ( Eris), Makemake ( Makemake) and Haumea ( Haumea).

The table shows all the names of the planets:

We will not explore each planet in detail, but will get acquainted with some interesting facts about them. For example, the axis of rotation ( a rotation axis) Uranus is slightly offset relative to the Sun and other planets. This means that Uranus rotates as if lying on its side.

Saturn is the only planet whose density is less than that of water, since it consists largely of hydrogen ( hydrogen) and, to a lesser extent, from helium ( helium). If you place Saturn in a pool (a very, very large pool :-)), then it will float on the surface of the water ( to float on the surface).

You can't ignore the famous rings of Saturn ( Saturn's rings). These rings are made of ice ( ice), stones ( rocks), dust ( dust) and various chemical compounds ( chemicals). Rings are one of the most popular space objects. Scientists of ancient civilizations - Babylon, Rome, Greece - showed much greater interest in these rings than in the planet itself.

Is there life on Mars? A question that worries astrophysicists ( astrophysicists) the last few decades, during which they are looking for any signs of life ( to discover any signs of life) on the red planet ( the Red Planet). Mars is also the planet on which the largest volcano in the solar system is located - Mount Olympus ( Olympus Mons). Its height is 21 kilometers, which is three times higher than Mount Everest ( Mount Everest).

We invite you to watch an interesting video about whether life is possible on Mars.

Many planets are subject to severe storms ( to experience fierce storms). For example, sandstorms often occur on Mars ( dust storms / sandstorms). Weather conditions are no better on the largest planet, Jupiter. As a result of a strong storm that has lasted for more than three hundred years, the Great Red Spot ( the Great Red Spot). Maybe it’s the thunder god Zeus throwing lightning on the planet named after him? :-) The planet Neptune also has some similarities with the god whose name it bears. Neptune is experiencing the worst weather conditions yet ( to suffer the most violent weather conditions), this is the planet of storms, hurricanes ( hurricanes) and ice.

But let's return closer to Earth. Or rather, let's move to Venus. If women really came from Venus, then it is not surprising that their actions sometimes seem illogical. Venus is a very unusual planet. Just the fact that it rotates ( to rotate) in the opposite direction relative to most other planets. Venus is sometimes called a stormy desert ( stormy desert) due to the huge number of craters ( craters) and active volcanoes ( active volcanoes) on its surface. Isn’t it true that there are similarities with the female “volcanic” character? In addition, the planet rotates so slowly that it passes around the Sun faster than around its own axis. This means that a day on Venus lasts longer than a year!

Moon and other moons

Did you know that the Moon is not a unique object? Any natural satellite that orbits a planet is called a "moon" ( a moon). And only one moon was lucky enough to become unique. Only the Earth's satellite Moon ( the Moon) is written with a capital letter and is a proper noun.

As for other moons, many of them also have their own characteristics and names. For example, Jupiter has 64 moons. Four of them are Io ( Io), Europe ( Europe), Callisto ( Callisto) and Ganymede ( Ganymede) – larger than Pluto. Saturn's largest moon Titan ( Titan) is the only moon whose atmosphere is denser than the atmosphere ( to have more dense/thick atmosphere) Earth.

Scientists must have been very frightened at one time by the discovery of the satellites of Mars, since they named them in honor of the ancient Greek gods of fear and horror - Phobos ( Phobos) and Deimos ( Deimos). The satellites were named after the sons of the god of war Ares (in the Roman tradition Mars), who accompanied their father to the battlefield. There is a hypothesis ( a hypothesis) that Phobos will someday collide ( to collide into) with Mars, since the satellite is constantly approaching the planet.

Only two planets are doomed to loneliness - Mercury and Venus. Perhaps this is due to the fact that they are located very close to the Sun, so they cannot “get along” with any satellite.

Of course, this is not all that is found in space. We only learned a small part. And in order to consolidate the knowledge gained, we recommend taking the test and downloading a cheat sheet with all the words.

(*.pdf, 211 Kb)

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“Vocabulary words on the topic “Space”

Space.

Etymology of the word cosmos. Word to osmosis came to the ancient Russian era from the Greek language. This word meant peace, universe, order.

From V. Dahl's dictionary: Space is the world, the universe and the universe.

Near space is explored by man. Deep space is the world of stars and galaxies.

Space is the universe. And modern world science believes that space is infinite...

Planet.

The word planet comes from the Greek "planetes", which means "Wandering".

From the explanatory dictionary. A planet is a celestial body that revolves around a star, receiving light and heat from it.

Planet Earth is the common home of all humanity. Like all other planets in the solar system, it moves around the sun and at the same time rotates around its axis. The Earth's axis is an imaginary line around which rotation occurs. The rotation of the Earth around its axis causes the changes of day and night. The earth rotates smoothly from west to east, exposing first one side or the other to the sun's rays. Everything on the surface rotates together with it, so we don’t notice this rotation. The Earth makes a complete revolution around its axis in 24 hours, that is, in a day.

The path along which the Earth moves around the sun is called the Earth's orbit.

Orbit.

ORBIT (from Latin orbita - track, path) is a circle, sphere of action, distribution.

The Earth's orbit is a circle, an ellipse. As a result of the Earth's orbit around the Sun, the cycle of day and night occurs.

Orbital station.

ORBITAL STATION is a manned or automatic spacecraft operating for a long time in orbit around the Earth, another planet or the Moon. Orbital stations can be delivered into orbit assembled or mounted in space. Research of the Earth and outer space, medical-biological, technical experiments and other work are carried out at orbital stations. At the beginning of 1995, manned orbital stations Salyut (7 orbital stations), Mir, USSR, and the Skylab orbital station, USA, were launched.

Apparatus.

From the explanatory dictionary: Apparatus is masculine. Has several meanings.

1.Device, mechanical device. (Telephone)

2. A set of organs that perform some special function of the body. (Digestive apparatus).

3. A set of institutions serving any branch of economic management (State apparatus)

4.Medical. (Medical device)

5.Space (Research vehicle)

Spacecraft.

From the history of spacecraft:

In 1986, the American spacecraft explored the planet Uranus, and in 1989 the planet Neptune. Previously, practically nothing was known about these planets. They are too far from Earth, so you can’t really see them with the most powerful telescope. And photographs taken by the spacecraft made it possible to establish that Neptune has as many as eight moons, but only two moons are visible through a telescope from Earth.

Rocket.

Mystery.

Wonder bird - scarlet tail

Flew into a flock of stars.

This bird has no wings

But one cannot help but marvel:

As soon as the bird spreads its tail,

And will rise to the stars.

To the origins of the word.

From the explanatory dictionary . Rocket is feminine. Has several meanings.

Exercise. Choose words with similar roots for the word rocket

Similar words.

Astronaut.

Mystery.

He is not a pilot, not a pilot,

He's not flying a plane,

And a huge rocket

Children, who can you tell me this is?

From the explanatory dictionary

To the origins of the word space astronaut

Exercise. Choose words with the same root for the word astronaut.

Similar words.

Astronaut. There was no such word

Among many, many thousands of words.

They brought him to Earth from the sky

From the history of astronauts.

The first astronaut in history:. He went to on ..

First astronaut: . 1961

The first woman astronaut:, , flew on the ship "Vostok-6"

Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya - twice Hero of the Soviet Union. She participated in two space flights. Savitskaya is the first female cosmonaut to go into outer space.

First: went into space.

What are astronauts called in different countries?

Astronaut(V ), astronaut(V ), rescue naut(in), taikonaut(V ) , gaganaut(V ) - a person who committed(or who has undergone special training as an astronaut and is enrolled in a group of astronauts).

Pilot-cosmonaut of the Russian Federation- . Established According to the Regulations on the honorary title, it is awarded to those who have performed outstanding flights in space. Persons awarded this title are awarded a certificate of conferment of the honorary title and a badge worn on the right side of the chest

Write the words correctly:

Space

Astronaut

Planet

Orbit

Orbital station

Spacecraft

Rocket

Rocket.

To the origins of the word. The word rocket came to us from the Italian language “rocco”, that is, “spindle”. Then rockets were used only for fireworks and looked like a spindle. After firing, the rocket glows brightly.

From the explanatory dictionary . Rocket is feminine. Has several meanings.

1. A projectile used for fireworks and signaling, consisting of a cartridge case filled with a powder composition, which, after being fired, glows brightly while flying in the air. (flare)

2. Aircraft with a jet engine. (Spacecraft)

Similar words. Rocket, rocket, rocket launcher, rocket launcher, rocket launcher.

Combination of words. Huge, three-stage, cosmic.

Mystery.

Wonder bird - scarlet tail

Flew into a flock of stars.

This bird has no wings

But one cannot help but marvel:

As soon as the bird spreads its tail,

And will rise to the stars.

Sentences and texts..

2.The rocket men took their places. They aimed a missile at an invisible target. Explosion.! The rocket went high into the sky, leaving a tail of smoke behind it. A minute, then another, and the rocket had already found its target. (S. Baruzdin)

3. The officer took out a flare gun from his bosom and fired into the sky. The red rocket soared high above him. (To Korzhikov) The origins of rockets. According to the certificate writer ( Aulus Gellius) one of the first jet devices was used more than 2000 years ago, back in , philosopher- , who forced a wooden dove to move along a wire with the help of steam, before the eyes of the amazed residents of his city. Archytas Tarensky used the “action-reaction” principle, which was scientifically described only in century. However, most historians date the origins of rockets to the times ( - n. e.), to the opening and start using it for and entertainment. The force generated by gunpowder was sufficient to move various objects. Later, this principle found application in the creation of the first And . gunpowder could fly long distances, but were not rockets, since they did not have their own reserves . However, it was the invention of gunpowder that became the main prerequisite for the emergence of real rockets.

In general, in a wordrocket denote a wide range of flying devices from holiday to space .

In military terminology the wordrocket usually denotes a class , used to defeat remote and using the principle of jet propulsion for flight. Due to the diverse use of missiles by various a wide class of different types has formed .

Most modern missiles are equipped . Such an engine can use solid, liquid or hybrid . between fuel and starts at , the resulting hot gases form an outflowing jet stream, accelerate in the jet (or nozzles) and are ejected from the rocket. The acceleration of these gases in the engine creates - a pushing force that makes the rocket move. Principle described .

Astronaut.

Mystery.

He is not a pilot, not a pilot,

He's not flying a plane,

And a huge rocket

Children, who can you tell me this is?

From the explanatory dictionary . An astronaut is a person who flies into space for the purpose of testing space technology and conducting scientific observations.

To the origins of the word The word cosmonaut consists of very ancient components. The first part is the Greek word space, one of the meanings of which is “universe”, “world”. The second part of the word astronaut makes up the Greek word nautes - “sailor”, “navigator”

Similar words. Space, cosmonaut, cosmodrome, cosmic.

Combination of words. The first, courageous, brave... cosmonaut. Pilot-cosmonaut. Flight of an astronaut; group of astronauts; meeting with astronauts, becoming an astronaut.

Sentences and texts.

1. The world's first cosmonaut was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.

2.Cosmonaut. There was no such word

Among many many thousands of words.

They brought him to Earth from the sky

Pilots Gagarin and Titov (Ya. Akim)

Astronaut(V ), astronaut(V ), rescue naut(in), taikonaut(in) or gaganaut(c) - a person who has completed (or has undergone special training as an astronaut and was enrolled in a group of astronauts)

Historical facts

There were; who have completed a space flight along a ballistic trajectory with an altitude of more than 100 km (classification); who have completed a space flight along a ballistic trajectory with an altitude of more than 50 miles, but below 100 km (classification)

Among the astronauts.

According to data, the planet's astronauts spent more than 29,000 man-days, including more than 100 man-days. Representatives of 36 countries visited the Earth's orbit

Cosmonaut training in the USSR began in 1960, in the USA - in 1959.

The first woman cosmonaut was V.V. Tereshkova. In 1963 flew on the ship "Vostok-6"

The first cosmonaut in history: . He went to on.

The first astronaut to set foot on the Moon was N. Armstrong in 1969.

First astronaut: . 1961, .

The first woman astronaut: , , .

The first cosmonaut from: . It took place on board the ship.

Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya is a twice Hero of the Soviet Union. She participated in two space flights. Savitskaya is the first female cosmonaut to go into outer space.

The first cosmonaut from: (), who flew as a space tourist on a ship,

SPACE, noun. World, universe

SPACE, noun. World space beyond the earth's atmosphere

SPACE, noun. City in USA

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SPACE, space, m. (Greek kosmos) (book). Peace, Universe. Is there anything? outside of our space? || The Universe as an organized whole (scientific, philosophical). Greek philosophy opposed chaos to the cosmos.

Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

SPACE, m. Greek. world, universe and creation. Cosmic, related to the universe. Cosmogony w. the doctrine of the formation of the universe. Cosmography w. description of the universe, all worlds. Cosmographer, scientist involved in cosmography. Cosmology g. the science of the laws of the material world, the earth. A cosmologist is a scientist who deals with this science. Cosmopolitan m. -tka f. global citizen; a person who does not recognize the special relations of his homeland; invader, universe. Cosmorama w. a picture of a large space, a volume of terrain, written and staged in such a way that it seems alive.

Modern explanatory dictionary

"COSMOS",..1) a series of artificial Earth satellites launched in the USSR from March 16, 1962 to study outer space, solve technical problems, test spacecraft systems...2) 2-stage launch vehicles developed in the USSR for launching artificial Earth satellites "Cosmos".