Prince Yaroslav (Konstantin) Svyatoslavich. Prince Yaroslav (Konstantin) Svyatoslavich Name in history and art

The first acquaintance with the younger Svyatoslavich gives us a not entirely favorable idea of ​​​​his personality. Yaroslav is in obedience to his brother, and next to him does not show any signs of his own will; on the battlefield he is an unfortunate leader, and the first to flee when he hears about the approach of the advanced enemy detachment. Finally, until 1097, he seemed to have no inheritance of his own, because Oleg ruled in Murom and Ryazan as a complete master. But it would be too hasty to conclude that it is insignificant at first glance. Yaroslav's activities truly reveal in him the presence of a meek, non-militant character. As a younger brother, in the spirit of that time, he honors Oleg instead of his father; but, however, he submits to him precisely where it comes to their common interests, that is, about the return of his father’s inheritance in the south; if successful, Yaroslav retained all the Murom-Ryazan volosts, and after the death of his brothers, he, of course, hoped to move to Chernigov. But if Yaroslav did not display personal courage and desire for military exploits - those qualities that belonged to the princes of his time; but he has the right to the sympathy of a historian for his participation in the successes of Russian civilization on the northeastern edge of Russia. We have already said that he was not alien to construction activities, and, probably, some ancient cities of the Ryazan principality, such as Pereyaslavl and Pronsk, owe their beginning to him. An even greater merit of Yaroslav, who was distinguished by deep piety, lies in his efforts to establish the Christian religion among the subject tribes.

In the lands of Meshchera on the middle Oka, Christianity undoubtedly appeared along with the first cities; The close connection of these two principles is indicated by the news of the initial foundation of Pereyaslavl of Ryazan, which was founded at the Church of St. Nicholas the Old. We do not have any information about the success of preaching in the Ryazan region itself; It can, however, be reliably assumed that Christianity spread here very slowly outside the city walls; although nothing is heard of stubborn resistance on the part of the natives. Not so quietly, a new religion took hold in the country of Murom. The baptism of Muroma, begun by St. Gleb, almost stopped for some time after him. The pagans, taking advantage of the troubled era of civil strife and the distance from the main centers of Russian life, began to greatly oppress the small Christian community; but they could not, however, destroy it (Church of St. Savior in Murom 1096). Together with paganism, which among the Murom people was at some stage of development and probably had a special class of priests-magicians, the Mohammedan element brought here by the Bulgarians united against Russian influence; the latter not only had constant trade relations with the Volga and Pook tribes, but even dominated Murom for some time. While the Bulgarians supported the Muslims, the pagans found support in the neighboring Mordovians.

Having received the entire Murom-Ryazan principality at his disposal, Yaroslav decided to enter into the fight against all elements hostile to Christianity. When his sons Mikhail and Fyodor arrived in Murom, as their father's governors, the pagan party met them with an open uprising, and one of the princes, Mikhail, was killed. Then Yaroslav had to take the rebellious city with an armed hand. But by his nature he did not like drastic measures, but tried to influence the people through gentle admonitions, and only in some cases resorted to threats. Tradition tells that in the city itself there was a renewed attempt at rebellion and an attempt was made on the life of the prince; but that he tamed the pagans with his one appearance before them with the icon of the Mother of God. The struggle ended with the victory of Christianity, and, according to legend, even the solemn baptism of the Murom pagans took place on the Oka River, similar to the baptism of the Kievites under St. Vladimir. We think that Yaroslav’s campaign against the Mordovians in 1103 occurred in connection with this religious struggle. The inveterate pagans, apparently, left Murom, and with crowds of Mordovians they opened an attack on the Russian volosts. On March 4, Yaroslav gave battle to the savages. But it was already noted that he had no luck in military enterprises and was not distinguished by the talents of a leader; the prince was defeated. There were probably other clashes with them, but the chronicle remembers only the most significant battle.

Almost at the same time as the triumph of Christianity in the Murom land, paganism among the Vyatichi was defeated. The success of Christian preaching in this part of Russia slowed down, especially because the power of the Russian princes until the 12th century. limited here only to some fortified points; and the mass of the population was weakly dependent on Igor’s descendants, governed by their own princes or elders, who did not always recognize the dominance of the Russian princes over themselves. So, for example, Monomakh had to undertake campaigns to pacify them: “We went to Vyatichi for two winters, against Khodota and his son, and to Kordn the first winter,” he says in his teaching (Laur. 103); and a little higher it is said: “I died first to Rostov; through Vyatich, my father sent me.” The words “through Vyatich” hint that such a path was not entirely easy and safe. In the first third of the 12th century. St. Kuksha and his disciple Nikon, leaving the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, preached the word of God in the country of the wild Vyatichi, baptized many people, and with the death of a martyr sealed the triumph of the new religion here. Christianity, in turn, helped the spread of princely power in the Slavic and Finnish lands: thus, in the middle of the 12th century, the Vyatichi calmly obeyed the governors of the Chernigov princes. Since then, Christian preaching could freely penetrate into the Ryazan region from the southwestern and northeastern sides.

On March 18, 1115, the famous Oleg Gorislavich died, and in 1123 his elder brother, the meek David, also died in Chernigov. Of the sons of Svyatoslav, only Yaroslav remained alive, who now had an undeniable right to the first table in his father’s inheritance. Indeed, he immediately goes south and lands in Chernigov. While Monomakh was alive, Yaroslav calmly exercised his rights. Two years after the death of Vladimir, he remained the eldest in the whole Igorevich family; but the Kiev table, at the request of the citizens, is occupied by his nephew Mstislav Vladimirovich, and Yaroslav does not detect any attempt to assign actual seniority to himself. He is completely satisfied with his Chernigov lot, seeks nothing but peace, and takes from Mstislav only an oath to support him in Chernigov. If such an oath existed, then there were reasons why it was required. Probably one of Yaroslav's own nephews, the Davidovichs or the Olgovichs, showed disrespect for the rights of his uncle, who, due to his personal character, could not gain influence over the younger princes. Yaroslav's fears were soon realized.

In 1127, Vsevolod Olgovich accidentally attacked Chernigov, captured his uncle, and killed his squad and robbed him. This success of Vsevolod is explained by the sympathy for him of the Chernigov citizens, who, perhaps, were burdened by the reign of the non-warlike Yaroslav. The Grand Duke expressed his intention to punish Vsevolod and return the inheritance to his uncle; therefore, he and his brother Yaropolk began to prepare for the campaign against Chernigov. Vsevolod hastened to release Yaroslav to Murom and call upon the Polovtsians for help. The latter actually came among 7,000 people, but turned back from the Vyrya River. Olgovich resorted to negotiations, began to beg Mstislav, bribed his advisers and thus stretched out time until winter. When Yaroslav came from Murom and began to say to the Prince of Kyiv: “You kissed the cross for me, go to Vsevolod,” Mstislav was in a difficult position: on the one hand, the obligation to observe justice between younger relatives and the kiss of the cross prompted him to stand up for his uncle; on the other hand, the guilty Vsevolod was his son-in-law, because he was married to his daughter. The best Kyiv boyars stood for the latter; Andreevsky Abbot Gregory, who enjoyed the favor of Vladimir Monomakh and was revered by all the people, voted in his favor. The Grand Duke turned thoughtfully to the council of priests, since after the death of Metropolitan Nikita his place remained unoccupied. It was not difficult to foresee the decision of the council, because most of the votes already belonged to Vsevolod in advance. In addition, our ancient clergy considered one of their main duties to turn princes away from civil strife and shedding blood. This is what it did now: the council took upon itself the sin of perjury. Mstislav obeyed; but this injustice subsequently cost him dearly, “and he cried all the days of his life,” the chronicler says about him. Yaroslav abandoned any attempt to maintain his rights, sadly returned to Murom, and lived there for another two years. He died in 1129.

While Yaroslav's activities were mainly concentrated around Murom and Chernigov, what is remarkable for us is the role that Ryazan assumed at that time. Since Tmutrakan, cut off by the Polovtsians from southern Russia, disappears in our chronicles, its significance has partly passed on to Ryazan, which also lay in the Russian Ukraine: the younger, idle princes, offended by their elders - the so-called outcasts - find refuge here. Under 1114 there is news of the death of two such princes in Ryazan: one of them was Roman Vseslavich of Polotsk, it is unknown how he got here; another Mstislav, grandson of Igor Yaroslavich and nephew of the famous David Igorevich; the latter was a faithful assistant to his uncle, participated in Polovtsian campaigns, and then robbed ships on some sea. In Ryazan, Mikhail Vyacheslavich, the grandson of Monomakh, died in the same year as Yaroslav. In addition, there is news that Yaroslav Svyatoslavich, expelled from Chernigov in 1127, left some Svyatopolk in Ryazan on his way to Murom, but then Svyatopolk is no longer mentioned. After the death of Yaroslav Svyatoslavich, all Murom-Ryazan lands went to his sons Yuri, Svyatoslav and Rostislav.

The close connection between the principalities of Chernigovo-Seversky and Murom-Ryazan ends with Yaroslav. Yaroslav's attention is also drawn to the south. He makes an effort to establish himself in the Dnieper region, but his sons no longer renew any claims to seniority in the Svyatoslavich family and do not think of leaving their northeastern volosts in order to look for unfaithful lands in the south. From that time on, the middle course of the Oka stood out more and more from the general system of appanages, and began to live its own life, like the principalities of Polotsk and Galicia.

Yaroslav - glorifying Yarila or strong and glorious, or bright glory (Old Slavic). Truly a princely name, currently not very common.

Zodiac name. A lion.

Planet: Sun.

Name color: alt.

Talisman stone: amber.

Favorable plant: oak, nettle.

Patron name: pheasant.

Happy day: Sunday.

Happy time of year: summer.

Main features: individuality, ambition.

Adult Yaroslav is also highly dependent on his environment. He can hardly restrain his pride, he faces life’s adversities with steadfastness, mobilizes, and does not allow them to break him. Strives to adapt to the harshest living conditions and be content with little.

Yaroslav is deeply interested in the secrets of the universe, space, philosophy, psychology, he is a subtle and impressionable nature. Often he becomes a priest or seriously, with the help of science, goes into these problems. Yaroslav can also be a teacher, engineer, musician, writer, worker, but always thinking about life, why he exists, what he must do.

In any business, Yaroslav is talented, but modest, and achieves success in life with difficulty. He is a sophisticated, diplomatic person, always correct, loves children, flowers, loves animals, keeps a dog in his house, not necessarily a purebred one, and takes care of it himself. He is very sensitive, acutely sensitive to grievances and failures, and does not hesitate to seek consolation from friends and loved ones. But if you deeply touch his emotional strings, he can be vindictive, deal harshly with the offender, and humiliate him. No one even expects that Yaroslav can show such a side of himself. This proves that Yaroslav is a complex and ambiguous nature.

Yaroslav is a sexually strong man, capable of subjugating a woman. The initiative always belongs to him. He gets excited when a woman in his arms is weak and submissive.

Yaroslav's first marriage is most often unsuccessful. But he usually loves his first wife. Compares others to her, which does not make subsequent marriages happy. Only after ten years of his second or third marriage does he begin to especially appreciate the one with whom he lives and who loves him. Yaroslav is quite happy with Anna, Larisa, Svetlana, and Elizaveta.

Surname:
Yaroslavich, Yaroslavovich, Yaroslavna, Yaroslavovna.

Being the eldest son of the Grand Duke, Yaroslav was the legal heir to the throne, but he was taken by force by the Holy Regiment with the unflattering nickname Damned, who killed princes Boris and Gleb, as well as Svyatoslav, the prince of the Drevlyans.

Yaroslav, who was a prince in Novgorod, invited the Varangians, together with them and the Novgorodians he came to Kyiv and on the Alta River, in the very place where Prince Boris died, he defeated his half-brother in 1019.

Another brother of Yaroslav, Mstislav, came to fight for the Kiev throne. It was not for nothing that they called him Daring, Mstislav won the battle. However, he did not take advantage of his happiness, but proposed dividing Russia into two parts along the Dnieper: all the lands lying on the left side of the river belonged to Mstislav, and on the right - to Yaroslav. Ten years later Mstislav fell ill and died, after him there were no heirs left, and Yaroslav became the sovereign of Russia alone.

Yaroslav was a major statesman, diplomat, city planner and military leader. Under the very walls of Kyiv in 1036 he fought with the Pechenegs. The battle lasted the whole day, and Yaroslav won the happiest victory for the Fatherland, forever freeing Russia from constant brutal raids.

At the site of the battle, Yaroslav founded a stone cathedral, dedicated, like the main church of Constantinople, to Hagia Sophia. In the mid-forties, a majestic building arose, with strict, perfect proportions, with striped red and white walls and thirteen domes. Illuminated by the rising or setting sun, they were visible far beyond the city limits.

The severity of the external appearance was combined with the dazzling luxury of the interior decoration. Contemporaries compared St. Sophia with the temple of King Solomon, glorified in the Bible.

Yaroslav significantly expanded Kyiv and surrounded it with a fortress wall. The main entrance was the Golden Gate, three-span, fortified, they looked like a real fortification. The name “golden” is also associated with the gates of Constantinople, whose magnificent structures Yaroslav looked up to in his construction.

Yaroslav organized the first library in Rus', ordered the translation of sacred books from Greek into Slavic, founded schools in Kyiv and Novgorod, persuaded his subjects to send their children there, and called artists from Byzantium to decorate churches and palaces. Yaroslav collected all the laws by which his ancestors ruled the Russian land, and ordered them to be written - this was the first book of laws - “Russian Truth”. On the initiative of Yaroslav, nicknamed "The Wise", a chronicle collection began to be created.

Yaroslav - glorifying Yarila or strong and glorious, or bright glory (Old Slavic). Truly a princely name, currently not very common.

Zodiac name: Leo.

Planet: Sun.

Name color: scarlet.

Talisman stone: amber.

Favorable plant: oak, nettle.

Patron of the name: pheasant.

Lucky day: Sunday.

Happy time of year: summer.

Main traits: individuality, ambition.

Name days, patron saints

Folk signs and customs

NAME AND CHARACTER

As a child, Yarik is a capricious, stubborn, unbalanced child. He often quarrels with children, tries to impose his own rules of the game, and gets offended when they don’t listen to him. Outwardly he looks like his mother, but in character he is closer to his father. The child is quick-tempered and can commit rash acts. Parents need to win his trust, otherwise he will “withdraw into himself” and it will be difficult to achieve anything from him. His mood often changes, he is picky about his friends, sometimes he becomes delighted with one of them, sometimes he becomes too disappointed in him, even to the point of a quarrel. Yarik begins to read and write very early, loves fairy tales, later adventures, science fiction, war stories, and dreams of becoming a military man himself. He is very proud, but kind by nature, susceptible to influence, and grows up the way his parents raise him. Adult Yaroslav is also highly dependent on his environment. He can hardly restrain his pride, he faces life’s adversities with steadfastness, mobilizes, and does not allow them to break him. Strives to adapt to the harshest living conditions and be content with little.

Yaroslav is deeply interested in the secrets of the universe, space, philosophy, psychology, he is a subtle and impressionable nature. Often he becomes a priest or seriously, with the help of science, goes into these problems. Yaroslav can also be a teacher, engineer, musician, writer, worker, but always thinking about life, why he exists, what he must do.

In any business, Yaroslav is talented, but modest, and achieves success in life with difficulty. He is a sophisticated, diplomatic person, always correct, loves children, flowers, loves animals, keeps a dog in his house, not necessarily a purebred one, and takes care of it himself. He is very sensitive, acutely sensitive to grievances and failures, and does not hesitate to seek consolation from friends and loved ones. But if you deeply touch his emotional strings, he can be vindictive, deal harshly with the offender, and humiliate him. No one even expects that Yaroslav can show such a side of himself. This proves that Yaroslav is a complex, ambiguous nature. Yaroslav is a sexually strong man, capable of subjugating a woman. The initiative always belongs to him. He gets excited when a woman in his arms is weak and submissive. Yaroslav's first marriage is most often unsuccessful. But he usually loves his first wife. Compares others with her, which does not make subsequent marriages happy. Only after ten years of his second or third marriage does he begin to especially appreciate the one with whom he lives and who loves him. Yaroslav is quite happy with Anna, Larisa, Svetlana, and Elizaveta.

Patronymic: Yaroslavich, Yaroslavovich, Yaroslavna, Yaros-lavovna.

Name in history and ART

Yaroslav Vladimirovich (982-1054) - Grand Duke of Kiev and All Rus', son of Saint Vladimir and Polotsk princess Rogneda, who gave him a good education, assigning Greek, Bulgarian, Varangian and Latin teachers to him.

Being the eldest son of the Grand Duke, Yaroslav was the legitimate heir to the throne, but he was taken by force by Svyatoslav, with the unflattering nickname the Accursed, who killed princes Boris and Gleb, as well as Svyatoslav, the prince of the Drevlyans.

Yaroslav, who was a prince in Novgorod, invited the Varangians, together with them and the Novgorodians he came to Kiev and on the Alta River, in the very place where Prince Boris died, he defeated his half-brother in 1019.

Another brother of Yaroslav, Mstislav, came to fight for the Kiev throne. It was not for nothing that they called him Daring, Mstislav won the battle. However, he did not take advantage of his happiness, but proposed dividing Russia into two parts along the Dnieper: all the lands lying on the left side of the river belonged to Mstislav, on the right - to Yaroslav. Ten years later, Mstislav fell ill and died, after him there were no heirs, and Yaroslav became the sole sovereign of Russia. Yaroslav was a major statesman, diplomat, city planner and military leader. Under the very walls of Kyiv in 1036 he fought with the Pechenegs. The battle lasted the whole day, and Yaroslav won the happiest victory for the Fatherland, freeing Russia forever from constant brutal raids.

At the site of the battle, Yaroslav founded a stone cathedral, dedicated, like the main church of Constantinople, to Hagia Sophia. In the mid-forties, a majestic building arose, with strict, perfect proportions, with striped red and white walls and thirteen domes. Illuminated by the rising or setting sun, they were visible far beyond the city limits. The severity of the external appearance was combined with the dazzling luxury of the interior decoration. Contemporaries compared St. Sophia with the temple of King Solomon, glorified in the Bible. Yaroslav significantly expanded Kyiv and surrounded it with a fortress wall. The main entrance was the Golden Gate, three-span, fortified, they looked like a real fortification. The name “golden” is also associated with the gates of Constantinople, whose magnificent structures Yaroslav looked up to in his construction.

Yaroslav organized the first library in Rus', ordered the translation of sacred books from Greek into the Slavic language, opened schools in Kyiv and Novgorod, persuaded his subjects to send their children there, called artists from Byzantium to decorate churches and palaces. Yaroslav collected all the laws by which his ancestors ruled the Russian land, and ordered them to be written - this was the first book of laws - “Russian Truth”. On the initiative of Yaros-lav, nicknamed “The Wise,” a chronicle collection began to be created.

Prince of Chernigov (died in 1129), son of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. At the congress of princes in Lyubech (1097), together with his brothers (Oleg and David), he received the Principality of Chernigov; also reigned in Murom and Ryazan. In 1110 Yaroslav was expelled from... ... Biographical Dictionary

- (born unknown 1129) son of the Chernigov prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. After the death of his father, he supported his brother, Oleg Svyatoslavich, in his fight against Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh (attack in 1096 on the Rostov land). By decision of the Lyubech Congress... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Prince of Chernigov († in 1129), son of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. At the congress of princes in Lyubech (1097), together with his brothers (Oleg and David), he received the Principality of Chernigov; also reigned in Murom and Ryazan. In 1110 he fought with Mordvina and was defeated. IN… … Large biographical encyclopedia

Book Chernigov (†1129), son of Prince. Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. At the congress of princes in Lyubech (1097), together with his brothers (Oleg and David), he received the Principality of Chernigov; also reigned in Murom and Ryazan. In 1110 he fought with Mordvina and was defeated. In 1127 I... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Prince Yaroslav Yaroslav Alexandrovich (d. 1344) Prince Pronsky, Grand Duke of Ryazan. Yaroslav Alexandrovich (d. 1435) Prince of Gorodetsky. Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise (about 978 1054) Grand Duke of Kiev. Yaroslav... ...Wikipedia

Yaroslav Vladimirovich Yaroslav the Wise 8th Grand Duke to ... Wikipedia