General house needs are calculated. What will the law on payment for public services by meters change for Russians?

Receipts, among other utility services, always contain so-called general house needs. At the same time, they indicate not only lighting in the entrance, but also water supply and some other services. In this regard, the question arises of what owners should pay for, whether it is possible to reduce the amount - all this is discussed below.

Any apartment building includes two types of premises:

1. Privately owned (apartments, premises for commercial needs).
2. Those in common ownership - attics, entrances, stairs and others (the share is determined in strict accordance with the area of ​​the apartment and/or the number of registered people).

Accordingly, all costs that are associated with the maintenance of common areas, mechanisms, service systems, and utilities are called common house needs (CHN). A detailed list is presented in the table.

FOR REFERENCE. Technological losses mean not only losses due to the design of networks, the structure and properties of the materials from which they are constructed, but also accidents, leaks and other unforeseen situations.

Concerning ODN related to heating common premises (these are basically only entrances and auxiliary premises with a heating system in them), then payment is actually made in a single receipt for heating, even if the houses have a meter in each apartment and for the house as a whole (common house).

What does not apply

Thus, all other services are prohibited from being included in this list, except in cases where the corresponding decision was made at a general meeting of owners (more than half the votes of all owners). Do not apply to ODN:

• all types of resources that were consumed by private companies owning or renting premises in a house or annex to a house;
• resources that were used in connection with the maintenance of equipment by Internet providers - in particular, the power supply to the receiving antenna must be provided by the Internet, telephony and cable television service provider.

How it appears on the receipt

They can come in a general receipt containing all types of services at once - both for the apartment and for the maintenance of common property, including housing maintenance, major repairs, etc. A separate receipt may also arrive, and sometimes different types arrive on different bills. It all depends on the supplier and management company.

How are they calculated?

There are two ways to calculate:

1. In accordance with meter readings.
2. According to the standards.

In any case, the value depends on two factors:

1. The area owned by the owner.
2. The number of permanently and temporarily registered people in the apartment.

The application of one of these calculation methods depends on the actual volume of services supplied to maintain the common property.

1. If the volume is positive, then the payment is distributed to all owners in accordance with the area (including owners of commercial real estate).
2. If the volume is negative, it is calculated based on the number of people indicated in the personal account (i.e., all registered at a given address).

By counters

This is the simplest option, which is technically possible if two conditions are simultaneously met:

• meters have been installed in each apartment, and the readings are regularly transmitted to the relevant services (Management Company);
• General building meters for electricity, water supply and heating have been installed.

However, in practice, such conditions are not always met. The main problem is that not every resident has a meter, even if the general meeting decided to do just that. That's why In general, a combined approach works:

1. The readings of all meters that are installed are taken into account - public and private (apartments, commercial and auxiliary premises).
2. For those premises where meters have not yet been installed, consumption standards that are currently in force in the region are applied. In this case, the only exception is heating: even if there is no meter in one room, then the calculation and payment of general house needs will be made taking into account only the standards.

Thus, in general, the calculation formula looks like this:

The symbols are as follows:

1. V ODN is the volume of services that went exclusively to servicing common areas (minus private apartments and premises).
2. House V is the volume of services used to maintain apartments.
3. V account is the volume of consumption recorded by meters (in those apartments and premises where they are installed).
4. V norm is the volume of consumption calculated according to the standard adopted in the region (for apartments where there are no meters).
5. V deduction is the amount of the deduction (for example, in the case of an overpayment or additional income from advertising revenue, etc.). The deduction also includes volumes consumed by commercial organizations of any type - shops, hairdressers, children's clubs, pharmacies, etc.

According to standards

In this case, they are guided by standards that differ in different regions - in general, they are greater in the northern regions of the federation and less in the southern ones. The formula for calculation is:

This means that the volume of general house needs is determined by the product of the standard multiplied by the area of ​​all territories that belong to the so-called common areas - i.e. entrances, basements, attics, stairs, etc.

The standards must be clarified with your Management Company or the Administration of the municipality (city, settlement). It is important to take into account that standards may change, so you need to monitor this information in local media (websites, newspapers, television).

A detailed comparison of payment situations with the presence of metering devices and their absence (or the presence of metering devices not in all apartments/premises) is presented in the table.

How to reduce ODN

Owners often receive too large sums in their receipts, which differ significantly from the same period a year or even a month ago. Therefore, the question arises as to why such a large difference occurs, moreover, within one relatively homogeneous period of time (for example, spring-summer).

Each case needs to be dealt with, for which it is important to contact the relevant companies for clarification:

1. Management company (you need to clarify how exactly the ODN is calculated, whether meters are installed in the house).
2. Organizations providing services (to clarify a possible error, the fact of receipt/non-receipt of funds to the account, recalculation, etc.).
3. Administration of a city or other settlement (for information on consumption standards for a given period of time).

In this case, it is useful to compare the indicators with your neighbors, as well as with acquaintances living in the same locality (in houses serviced by another Management Company). If an overestimated indicator of general house needs is observed systematically, you can organize a general meeting of owners, who are probably also not satisfied with this situation, or even go to court.

It should also be borne in mind that an objective increase in the cost of maintaining common property is observed for any of the following reasons:

1. Presence/absence of meters in all premises, reliability of their readings. If there is any doubt about their correct operation, it is better to check the devices (special companies work for this) or even raise the question of replacing the metering devices.
2. It is quite difficult to check the reliability of the meter in each apartment, but in case of suspicion, you can check the device at least in your own premises. As a preliminary, you can compare the indicators with neighbors who have approximately the same number of people living there.
3. A very important factor is the actual state of engineering networks (electrical wires and especially water supply). Leaks, smudges, and accidents occur on old networks much more often, and all these costs (for example, water leakage) are included in the ODN.
4. Finally, it is very important to pay attention to whether there are any cases of unauthorized access by third-party users. To do this, you need to appoint a special examination (a general meeting of owners will first be organized).

General household needs have recently been listed not as utilities, but as housing services. This change in status led to changes in payment for housing and communal services. What are the features of ODN in 2019?

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In 2019, the implementation of the bill regarding payments for general household needs began.

In receipts, the payment for single-use services is now indicated in the line about the maintenance of housing, and not in the line about utility services, as was previously the case. What are the features of general house needs in 2019?

Basic moments

Starting from 2019, payments for general household needs are calculated according to new rules. This innovation is due to the need for calculations taking into account real consumption.

According to the legislator, changing the status of the service will allow payments to be made only for actually used resources.

The new calculation algorithm was introduced gradually. While preparing for the transition, owners and service companies had to prepare for changes in payment.

In particular, management companies had to inspect each house, detect cases of misuse of utility resources, and carry out work to improve energy efficiency.

Since 2019, receipts include common household needs in the fee for the maintenance of common property.

What it is

The ODN payment is calculated based on the readings of common building meters installed in most apartment buildings, in comparison with the readings of individual meters.

ODN represents the difference between the readings of personal meters installed in residents’ apartments and common building meters in apartment buildings.

When a meter is not installed in the apartment, the amount of resources consumed is calculated as the ratio of the apartment area to the sum of all areas of the common property.

If we talk about the purpose of ODN, then these are utility services necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the entire apartment building.

The revision of the calculation of one-time income is explained by the fact that many management organizations began to write off their own debts to resource suppliers and other third-party costs in this section.

What are they made of?

Most of the owners do not understand enough what is included in the general needs of the house. The general idea is that ODN is only for lighting and heating the entrance.

In fact, in addition to the listed costs, the RDN includes the following costs:

It is strictly prohibited to include other resource expenses in the ODN. Residents should not pay more than normal for general household needs.

In practice, it looks like this: if part of the energy resources is lost during delivery to the end consumer due to the fault of the management company, then the costs are paid by the management organization.

Legal regulation

To apply the new procedure, the Government of the Russian Federation made changes to the “Rules for the provision of public services...” approved by .

Emerging nuances

How is the ODN fee calculated in 2019? There are two calculation options. The main criterion is the presence/absence of a common house metering device in the apartment building.

In both cases, the volume of resources spent on general house needs is first calculated, and then the resulting value is distributed among the personal accounts of residential and non-residential premises.

If the MKD is equipped with a counter, then the value is calculated as the difference between the readings of the general and individual counters.

The identified difference is divided between all residents of the house in proportion to the area of ​​the occupied apartments.

If there is no meter in an apartment, then the calculation is carried out using standard indicators for the consumption of resources for each registered resident and the area of ​​the premises.

When an apartment building does not have a common building meter, the volume of the ODN is determined by multiplying the standard established by local authorities by the total area of ​​the building.

Applicable regulations may vary by region. Among the nuances of the new order, it should be noted that they are now required to independently pay for the overexpenditure of resources.

This will lead to the fact that management companies will be more interested in the timely elimination of accidents and will begin to more carefully monitor overruns.

Consumption standards

To calculate the payment for ODN at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, consumption standards must be approved. To determine the correct values, experts collect readings from hundreds of thousands of objects.

In particular, the volume of received resources according to the general counter and the volume of individually spent resources according to personal counters are taken into account.

The difference is considered to be the volume of communal resources that is necessary to maintain the common property of the apartment building. Comparing the results of all inspected houses allows us to determine the average indicator and approve it as a single standard.

Some issues related to the new procedure regarding ODN were clarified by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. So, when including ODN in housing services, the Criminal Code (, etc.) should be guided by.

In fact it looks like this:

Electricity

There is no uniform national standard for electricity consumption for apartment buildings. Determining the indicator depends on many factors, for example:

If we compare the standards approved for 2019 in different regions, the values ​​​​turn out to be very different. For 1 sq.m. The standard for electricity consumption according to ODN ranges on average from 0.6 kW/h to 7 kW/h.

To reduce the payment for one electricity tax you need to:

What is water used for?

ODN costs for cold water include:

• network cleaning;
• losses inside the apartment building;
• water consumption for general expenses for premises and adjacent areas.

One's expenses for hot water are spent on:

• technological work related to ensuring the operation of the heating system;
• water discharge during heating system repairs;
• intra-house losses.

Official standards for cold water consumption according to ODN, using the example of the Stavropol Territory, range from 0.029-0.067 cubic meters per 1 sq.m.

This takes into account factors such as:

• the presence of a drainage system in the apartment building;
• availability of centralized water supply;
• types of installed baths by volume, etc.

As in the case of electricity, the calculation of ODN for water supply is based on the difference in the readings of communal and individual meters.

Water disposal for general house needs in 2019 cannot exceed the volume of water spent on single-use water supply systems.

Other

In addition to electricity and water supply, the ODN includes heating fees, since heat must be maintained not only in apartments, but also in common areas of the house.

But in this case, it is impossible to determine using meters how much heat is spent on each room separately. In addition, heating is always a utility service.

Regardless of the method of managing the MKD, heat is paid for collectively without dividing into personal and general household consumption. This norm is enshrined in clause 40 of the Rules for the provision of public services.

To calculate the payment for heating as part of the ODN, a thermal energy consumption standard is used, which is multiplied by the area of ​​common premises in the house. The resulting value is divided among all residents.

What are the tariffs for 2019?

Tariffs approved by regional authorities are published on the websites of management companies. Consumption standards for ODN are also subject to publication.

This way, every citizen can check the correctness of payment calculations. Thanks to this, the calculation of payments for utility services becomes more transparent.

In this case, two options are possible:

It is not at all difficult to detect criminal fraud. Residents simply need to familiarize themselves with the information about tariffs and standards posted publicly on the Internet and independently calculate the amount due for payment.

If fraud on the part of the management company is discovered, then the rights of the residents are protected on the basis of Federal Law No. 176 of June 29, 2015. In particular, the management company faces prosecution for knowingly false increases in pay.

The management company will be required to pay a penalty to consumers. In addition, an administrative fine is imposed on the Criminal Code.

The new procedure for calculating one-time income is already a fait accompli. Accurate calculations will improve the quality of home maintenance.

But achieving the goals set by the Government depends on each owner, since only the residents of the house themselves can sufficiently control the work of management organizations and the correctness of the calculations made.

APPLICATIONS AND CALLS ARE ACCEPTED 24/7 and 7 days a week.

The principle of paying for utilities at strictly established tariffs depending on the number of residents (registered) in the apartment is a thing of the past. With the development of market relations, each supplier of energy resources: electricity, water, heat, became interested in receiving payment for the actually supplied resource, regardless of the problems that a particular consumer had, in full.
This caused the need to radically change the system of payment for energy resources received both for owners of premises and for management companies (MC, HOA).
But practice has shown that the volume of resources consumed by premises owners differs sharply from the data thatresource-supplyingorganizations recorded using their metering devices. The result was a situation where a significant part of the resources produced and supplied to the consumer turned out to be unpaid.
Management companies did not want, and in most cases could not, for financial reasons, attribute the part of received but not paid resources that was not accounted for by metering devices or calculated on the basis of consumption standards to their own account.
Thus, common house needs were born ( ONE ) - a line in payment accounts that was intended to compensate for the difference between meter readingsresource supplyorganization and the utility services actually consumed by the owners, recorded using individual metering devices or calculated on the basis of consumption standards.

Regulatory framework for charging fees for ONE

The regulatory framework on the basis of which payments for ODN includes:

The practice of highlighting a separate line in receipts for utility bills ONE showed that this form of presenting information causes a lot of complaints from owners who either do not know or do not understand the calculation mechanism. Because of this, the work of management companies has turned into a bureaucratic mechanism for drawing up responses to countless consumer complaints and providing transcripts of calculations.
Taking into account that additional information only leads to an increase in social tension and the refusal of a significant part of the owners to pay incomprehensible or “unfair”, from their point of view, expenses for the maintenance of common property, the State Duma of the Russian Federation on May 29, 2015 adopted Law No. 176-FZ, which provided for “ disappearing" line ONE from receipts for payment from 07/01/2016.
But, the date of entry into force of the Law was postponed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation until 01/01/2017, due to the sluggishness of government agencies, utility services,resource-supplyingorganizations for its implementation within the planned time frame.

What is included in general house needs ( ODN)

Most owners believe that general house needs include expenses for:

Lighting of the entrance and local area;
Cleaning expenses;
Costs for heating entrances and technical premises.

Therefore, when in the line ONE they see that cold water was consumed 3-4 times more in the current month than in the previous month, they wonder: where did it go?
In addition to the listed energy resource costs for one-stage power supply, they also include:

For power supply:

Operation of elevators;
Water supply pumps;
Alarms and intercoms;
Emergency lighting in basements and attics;
Technological losses inside MKD associated with the characteristics of the electrical equipment installed in it.

For water supply:


In addition to the listed resource costs, it is prohibited to include other payment items.
This also applies to payment for consumed resources by enterprises or private companies located in MKD.
The same should apply to the numerous service providers who use the premises MKD for placement of telecommunications equipment. When a receiving antenna is placed on the roof of a house, several residents can use its services, but the energy costs for maintaining this telecommunications equipment are attributed to ONE - it is forbidden. The provider whose equipment is located in the house must pay the bills for the use of electricity.

General house needs in 2017

Despite the fact that there will no longer be an “unclear” and irritating line in the invoices ONE – payment for them will not disappear anywhere. Simply all payments for those consumed for public purposes to maintain the power supply, heating, sewerage, sanitary systems in working order MKD (apartment buildings) will be evenly distributed and added to the payment for consumed utilities in proportion to the owner’s share in the common property.
The methodology for calculating general house needs will change.
From now on, payments cannot exceed the norms calculated for each categoryapartment buildingdepending on the period of their commissioning, number of storeys, area of ​​location, condition of utility networks and a number of other factors. These standards are approved by decisions of municipal authorities in the regions and are designed to level out the difference between charges for the same volume of supplied resources from different management companies and HOA.

Advantages of Row Exclusion ONE

Take advantage of the inclusion of fees for ONE Only management companies will be able to pay invoices. From now on, the ground for consolidated expression of dissatisfaction at general meetings has been “knocked out” from under the feet of owners of residential premises. In order to establish what common house needs and to what extent a particular property owner pays, it will be necessary to conduct a complete reconciliation of the accounts of at least two owners. This is a troublesome matter. Talk about what is on the agenda of the general meeting of owners MKD From now on, questions will be raised about overcharging for ONE no longer necessary.
There won't be such a line. Consequently, everyone will have to express disagreement with the tariff levels individually, and seek a response from the management company or HOA - alone.

Do I have to pay for ONE

Question about the need for payment ODN automatically stops be relevant from January 1, 2017, since there will no longer be such a separate line in the accounts.
Non-payment of bills for consumed utilities due to the owner’s disagreement with the amount of payment for ONE , which are included in his individual account - entails the application of penalties, up to restriction of the use of any public resource: electricity, water supply. Appeal deactivation actions energy resource only possible in court. As a rule, courts obligeenergy supplyorganizations to cease actions to limit supply energy resource due to violation of the rules for the sanitary condition of residential premises and violation of the rights of citizens living in residential premises (minor children).
But this does not relieve the obligation to repay existing debt.
Whatever the law is, it is the law. Therefore, whether you like it or not, pay for ONE - necessary. The question is how much? But this is resolved in each specific case and again - only in court.

More articles

Until this year, general household needs were recorded in a separate line of the housing and communal services receipt. Since 2018, home maintenance costs have acquired new features of calculation and accrual. To understand what a utility bill is made up of, you need to understand where the costs for public utility services are now indicated and what the essence of the changes is.

Common house needs (CHN) are one of the expense items included in residents’ utility bills. This concept applies only to apartment buildings - in individual residential buildings there is no common housing. The ODN includes ensuring the functioning of household common areas (clause 1 of Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation):

• lighting of attics, basements, entrances, elevators, technical rooms;
• electricity necessary for servicing antennas, pumps, operating elevators, etc.;
• heating of these areas;
• water consumption during seasonal inspections of the heating system;
• electricity and water costs for maintaining the local area: watering lawns, lighting the yard.

As previously calculated

Until 2017, the rules governing the calculation of ODN fees were quite vague. Therefore, management companies calculated payments at their own discretion, and residents of some areas were faced with a large difference in tariffs: relatively speaking, one received a payment for 200 rubles, and another for 600. This column in the receipts provided a field for fraudulent actions by housing and communal services workers, but residents did not could check whether the values ​​​​indicated in their payments are correct. In 2017, a number of reforms were carried out in this area.

Changes for 2018

On January 1, 2017, changes to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation came into force, establishing a system of payment for the use of common premises according to standards. These standards had to be adopted by the authorities in each region independently, taking into account the latest changes.

But the standards were not updated in all regions, and some housing companies, taking advantage of the innovations, did not reduce the payments of their residents, but increased them. Due to numerous complaints, the Ministry of Construction in February sent letter No. 4275 dated February 14, 2017 to all heads of constituent entities with explanations. The letter explained that if a building has common meters installed and the actual resource consumption is less than the established standards, residents pay according to the meters. If the consumption according to the meters is higher than indicated in the standards, residents pay only a fixed amount of the norm, and the management company pays for the excess. That is, apartment owners are not required to pay more than the norm, but have the right to reduced payments in case of saving resources.

However, this letter was of an advisory nature and was not accepted by all regions for implementation. Therefore, in the summer, the authorities adopted the law dated July 29, 2017 N 258-FZ “On amendments to Articles 154 and 156 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation...”, which officially approved provisions on the priority of metering indicators in the formation of payments for single-use income.

Designation on the housing and communal services receipt

These changes also affected the processing of payment documents. Previously, the category of general house needs was indicated as a separate line - utilities for maintaining the house. In 2018, accruals for one-time tax payments appear on receipts not as a single payment, which is not clear what is formed from, but broken down into components included in the overall bill. For example: in the electricity column the payment for consumption in the apartment and for consumption in the house (in the elevator, entrance, etc.) is indicated. The water bill is distributed in the same way.

How are calculations made?

Thus, the system for calculating general household needs has been approved by law since 2018. The main feature is that you can pay both according to standards and according to the meter. The readings of collective meters are given priority, but residents are not required to pay for them if the readings exceed the standards. For the excess, the management company must pay extra. The issue of choosing meter readings or standards can be decided at a meeting of apartment owners.

Please note: communal meters must be installed by the management company. As homeowners who have entered into an agreement with the management company, residents have every right to demand the installation of metering devices in the house.

The fee for one-time service is calculated as follows.

1. If the house is equipped with meters, then the summarized readings of apartment expenses are subtracted from the readings of the common device. The resulting values ​​are divided among all residents depending on the area of ​​the apartment (in proportion to the size of the living space, the maintenance fee for the premises also increases).
2. If there are no meters, the standards established by local authorities apply. The area of ​​the total property of the house is multiplied by a unit of the accepted rate of water or electricity consumption. The received amount is divided among homeowners in proportion to the size of the apartment. You can familiarize yourself with the standards of your region on the website of the administration of the subject (region, republic) or request it from your own housing company.

Growth of payments according to standards

As a result of the revision of the standardized volumes of ODN, residents of some regions noted a significant (up to 30%) increase in costs. “Upravdom”, an interregional committee created by United Russia to check and adjust the work of housing and communal services, in 2017 checked the established values. In 24 subjects, general house costs for electricity turned out to be significantly higher than objective indicators, and in 9 subjects – for cold water. In this regard, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 1498, where a directive was given to bring these standards to adequate indicators.

As a result of the adjustment, the growth of the single income tax for 2018, according to official data for the country, amounted to about 3-4%.

Is it possible to save money?

Equipping premises with metering devices for the benefit of residents of apartment buildings. This will save on costs. Features of the calculation of ODN in 2018 - the priority of meter indicators over standards. In addition, the utility payment should not include items for servicing missing resources: if the payment includes a bill for watering the lawn or hot water, but there is no trace of a lawn in your yard, and the water in the technical rooms is cold, this is fraud.

In a house equipped with metering devices, the actual consumption of resources becomes important. This is influenced by equipping premises with energy-saving light bulbs, motion sensors (this innovation is used in new houses), replacing electrical wiring in the entrance and timely repair of water and heating pipes - all these tasks must be performed by the management company.

Important: not everyone knows that the management company servicing the house can be changed. If the management company refuses to install metering devices and improve conditions in common premises, by decision of the meeting of owners, you can terminate the contract with the existing company and enter into a new one.

Look video about the new rules for calculating one-time tax:

Until 2019, general household needs were recorded in a separate line of the housing and communal services receipt. Since 2019, home maintenance costs have acquired new features of calculation and accrual. To understand what a utility bill is made up of, you need to understand where the costs for public utility services are now indicated and what the essence of the changes is.

Starting from 2019, payments for general household needs are calculated according to new rules. This innovation is due to the need for calculations taking into account real consumption.

According to the legislator, changing the status of the service will allow payments to be made only for actually used resources.

The new calculation algorithm was introduced gradually. While preparing for the transition, owners and service companies had to prepare for changes in payment.

In particular, management companies had to inspect each house, detect cases of misuse of utility resources, and carry out work to improve energy efficiency.

Since 2019, receipts include common household needs in the fee for the maintenance of common property.

What it is

The ODN payment is calculated based on the readings of common building meters installed in most apartment buildings, in comparison with the readings of individual meters.

ODN represents the difference between the readings of personal meters installed in residents’ apartments and common building meters in apartment buildings.

When a meter is not installed in the apartment, the amount of resources consumed is calculated as the ratio of the apartment area to the sum of all areas of the common property.

If we talk about the purpose of ODN, then these are utilities necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the entire apartment building.

The revision of the calculation of one-time income is explained by the fact that many management organizations began to write off their own debts to resource suppliers and other third-party costs in this section.

What is included in the ODN

Common house needs (CHN) are one of the expense items included in residents’ utility bills. This concept applies only to apartment buildings - in individual residential buildings there is no common housing. The ODN includes ensuring the functioning of household common areas (clause 1 of Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation):

• lighting of attics, basements, entrances, elevators, technical rooms;
• electricity necessary for servicing antennas, pumps, operating elevators, etc.;
• heating of these areas;
• water consumption during seasonal inspections of the heating system;
• electricity and water costs for maintaining the local area: watering lawns, lighting the yard.

As previously calculated

Until 2017, the rules governing the calculation of ODN fees were quite vague. Therefore, management companies calculated payments at their own discretion, and residents of some areas were faced with a large difference in tariffs: relatively speaking, one received a payment for 200 rubles, and another for 600. This column in the receipts provided a field for fraudulent actions by housing and communal services workers, but residents did not could check whether the values ​​​​indicated in their payments are correct. In 2017, a number of reforms were carried out in this area.

Changes in 2019

Starting in January 2017, changes to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation came into force, establishing a system of payment for the use of common premises according to standards. These standards had to be adopted by the authorities in each region independently, taking into account the latest changes.

But the standards were not updated in all regions, and some housing companies, taking advantage of the innovations, did not reduce the payments of their residents, but increased them. Due to numerous complaints, the Ministry of Construction in February sent letter No. 4275 dated February 14, 2017 to all heads of constituent entities with explanations. The letter explained that if a building has common meters installed and the actual resource consumption is less than the established standards, residents pay according to the meters. If the consumption according to the meters is higher than indicated in the standards, residents pay only a fixed amount of the norm, and the management company pays for the excess. That is, apartment owners are not required to pay more than the norm, but have the right to reduced payments in case of saving resources.

However, this letter was of an advisory nature and was not accepted by all regions for implementation. Therefore, in the summer, the authorities adopted the law dated July 29, 2017 N 258-FZ “On amendments to Articles 154 and 156 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation...”, which officially approved provisions on the priority of metering indicators in the formation of payments for single-use income.

Designation on the housing and communal services receipt

These changes also affected the processing of payment documents. Previously, the category of general house needs was indicated as a separate line - utilities for maintaining the house. In 2019, receipts showed charges for one-time payment, not as a single payment, which is not clear what is formed from, but broken down into components included in the overall bill. For example: in the electricity column the payment for consumption in the apartment and for consumption in the house (in the elevator, entrance, etc.) is indicated. The water bill is distributed in the same way.

Consumption standards

To calculate the payment for ODN at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, consumption standards must be approved. To determine the correct values, experts collect readings from hundreds of thousands of objects.

In particular, the volume of received resources according to the general counter and the volume of individually spent resources according to personal counters are taken into account.

The difference is considered to be the volume of communal resources that is necessary to maintain the common property of the apartment building. Comparing the results of all inspected houses allows us to determine the average indicator and approve it as a single standard.

Some issues related to the new procedure regarding ODN were clarified by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. So, when including ODN in the housing services of management companies (housing complexes, HOAs, etc.), they should be guided by Part 10 of Article 12 of Federal Law No. 176 of June 29, 2015.

In fact it looks like this:

Electricity

There is no uniform national standard for electricity consumption for apartment buildings. Determining the indicator depends on many factors, for example:

If we compare the standards approved for 2019 in different regions, the values ​​​​turn out to be very different. For 1 sq.m. The standard for electricity consumption according to ODN ranges on average from 0.6 kW/h to 7 kW/h.

To reduce the payment for one electricity tax you need to:

What is water used for?

ODN costs for cold water include:

• network cleaning;
• losses inside the apartment building;
• water consumption for general expenses for premises and adjacent areas.

One's expenses for hot water are spent on:

• technological work related to ensuring the operation of the heating system;
• water discharge during heating system repairs;
• intra-house losses.

Official standards for cold water consumption according to ODN, using the example of the Stavropol Territory, range from 0.029-0.067 cubic meters per 1 sq.m.

This takes into account factors such as:

• the presence of a drainage system in the apartment building;
• availability of centralized water supply;
• types of installed baths by volume, etc.

As in the case of electricity, the calculation of ODN for water supply is based on the difference in the readings of communal and individual meters.

Water disposal for general house needs in 2019 cannot exceed the volume of water spent on single-use water supply systems.

Other

In addition to electricity and water supply, the ODN includes heating fees, since heat must be maintained not only in apartments, but also in common areas of the house.

But in this case, it is impossible to determine using meters how much heat is spent on each room separately. In addition, heating is always a utility service.

Regardless of the method of managing the MKD, heat is paid for collectively without dividing into personal and general household consumption. This norm is enshrined in clause 40 of the Rules for the provision of public services.

To calculate the payment for heating as part of the ODN, a thermal energy consumption standard is used, which is multiplied by the area of ​​common premises in the house. The resulting value is divided among all residents.

What are the tariffs for 2019?

Tariffs approved by regional authorities are published on the websites of management companies. Consumption standards for ODN are also subject to publication.

This way, every citizen can check the correctness of payment calculations. Thanks to this, the calculation of payments for utility services becomes more transparent.

The owner of a premises in an apartment building, knowing the tariffs for utility resources, can independently calculate the fee for personal consumption of resources.

Knowing the standard for ODN, you can compare the declared fee for general household expenses and determine whether it meets the standard or exceeds it.

In 2019, the Government approved an increase in housing and communal services tariffs. But taking into account the crisis in the economy, the increase in tariffs will be very moderate.

It is expected that from July 1, tariffs will increase by 2.5-7.5% depending on the specific region.

How are volumes calculated?

Calculation of the volume of ODN in an apartment building depends, first of all, on the presence or absence of common house metering devices.

If a common counter is present, the calculation of one will be as follows:

1. Readings from the common house meter are taken.
2. Individual meter readings are taken.
3. The difference in values ​​is determined.
4. The excess readings of the general building meter are divided by the number of apartments in proportion to the area of ​​the premises.
5. The resulting indicator is compared with the standard consumption of ODN.
6. If the amount of one tax does not exceed the standard, then it is fully included in the payment for housing maintenance.
7. When the calculated indicator turns out to be higher than expected, then residents pay ODN according to the approved standards, and the balance is paid by the management organization.

In the absence of a general house meter, the procedure is almost the same, but in this case, consumption volumes are calculated according to the standards per person or volume of area.

Also, the calculation of the volume of resources spent in apartments not equipped with individual meters is carried out according to consumption standards.

To calculate payment for heat, the total area of ​​common property is determined. The value is multiplied by the thermal energy tariff. Then the resulting value is distributed among apartments according to square meters.

Payment procedure in an apartment building

In 2019, ODN services are included in the receipt by adding to the total amount of general household expenses. There is no separate ODN line on the receipt.

At the same time, in the payment document, in the line for the maintenance of common property, the payment for one service for each resource is written down in separate lines.

That is, residents pay separately calculated utilities and additionally pay for general house expenses.

For the convenience of calculations, starting from 2019, information about the total area of ​​the house and the area of ​​common areas is placed in the lower right corner of the receipt.

Is it possible to save money?

Equipping premises with metering devices for the benefit of residents of apartment buildings. This will save on costs. Features of the calculation of ODN in 2019 - the priority of meter indicators over standards. In addition, the utility payment should not include items for servicing missing resources: if the payment includes a bill for watering the lawn or hot water, but there is no trace of a lawn in your yard, and the water in the technical rooms is cold, this is fraud.

In a house equipped with metering devices, the actual consumption of resources becomes important. This is influenced by equipping premises with energy-saving light bulbs, motion sensors (this innovation is used in new houses), replacing electrical wiring in the entrance and timely repair of water and heating pipes - all these tasks must be performed by the management company.

Important: not everyone knows that the management company servicing the house can be changed. If the management company refuses to install metering devices and improve conditions in common premises, by decision of the meeting of owners, you can terminate the contract with the existing company and enter into a new one.

Video

Look video about the new rules for calculating one-time tax: