Rem Dyeing is the menace of the Moscow CIA station. Rem Krasilnikov - the threat of the Moscow CIA station Rem Sergeevich Krasilnikov New crusaders - the CIA and perestroika

Senior Researcher at the Academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation; born March 14, 1927 in Moscow; graduated from MGIMO with a degree in international law in 1949; since 1949 he served in state security agencies; 1956-1963 - USSR and Russia, served as head of the First (American) Department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (counterintelligence); retired major general; awarded the title "Honorary State Security Officer"; awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Star, the Red Banner, the Red Banner of Labor, 14 medals, as well as 13 orders and medals of foreign countries; author of the book "Ghosts from Tchaikovsky Street", a number of articles on the topic of the work of foreign intelligence services against Russia; married, has a daughter and a son; hobbies: reading fiction and historical literature, metalworking and turning.

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(Dossier -)

Rem Sergeevich Krasilnikov

The story of an employee of the counter-espionage service of the USSR and the Russian Federation about the activities of the US CIA against our country in areas affecting state security and national interests.

The book provides a vivid, vivid reflection of the specific criminal acts of agents recruited by the CIA and the professional methods of exposing them.

Rem Sergeevich Krasilnikov

New Crusaders - CIA and Perestroika

Dedicated to the 80th anniversary of counterintelligence of the USSR - Russian Federation

Many people remember these sonorous names from school: Godfrey of Boulogne, Duke of Lorraine; Raymond, Count of Toulouse; Richard the Lionheart, King of England; Duke Robert of Normandy; Frederick I Barbarossa, Emperor of Germany - these are the names of the leaders of the first crusades of the early Middle Ages. The head of the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Urban II, called for them - to free the Holy Sepulcher - in 1095 at the Council of Clermont. Seduced by promises of easy victories and fabulous riches, the feudal lords of Western Europe put together detachments of mounted knights and infantrymen, sewed red crosses on their clothes and rushed to the East. They were joined by impoverished village and city people and all sorts of clever adventurers. This is how the crusaders appeared - religious fanatics.

The temptation of an imaginary triumph directed the soldiers of Christ not only to Jerusalem: the castles of the Crusaders, the support bases of expansion, spread throughout Europe, fueling passion and the desire to make new rapid raids. It was no longer religious motives or the fight against infidels that covered the campaigns of the crusaders; the goals were completely earthly - the conquest of new lands, the seizure of other people's wealth.

You can read about the eight crusades canonized in the annals of history, about their organizers and leaders in history textbooks, special scientific studies and historical novels.

The idea of the Crusades did not die with the collapse of the first soldiers of Christ's army - in the 20th century it was revived again, taking on features inherent in the new era. The 21st century has given the crusades a new coloring: they are dressed in the toga of globalism, camouflaged with the slogans of an international anti-terrorist operation.

My story, however, is not about the crusades of our time, which, in terms of the true goals of their ideologists, are surprisingly reminiscent of the distant past. Again, as in the old days, in the 20th century they disguise militant campaigns against our country with divine-mythical equipment, calling them crusades. The names of the organizers of these campaigns will never disappear from history - Winston Churchill, who raised the forces of the powerful Entente to strangle godless Soviet Russia in its cradle; Adolf Hitler-Schicklgruber, who intended to deal with the “devilish eastern colossus” with an “iron fist”; Ronald Reagan, who declared a “crusade” against the “evil empire.”

The main character of this book is the US Central Intelligence Agency as the striking force of both this crusade, the last in the 20th century, and new actions of American intelligence. The activities of the CIA and its Moscow station are seen through the eyes of the former head of that department of Soviet counterintelligence, which opposed the American intelligence services stationed at the United States Embassy in Moscow. The brutal clash between the intelligence services of the USSR and the USA in the 20th century is an immutable fact of history, still quite fresh in memory, but already rapidly moving away from contemporaries. Like any historical phenomenon, this confrontation between the special services requires an objective and honest analysis and assessment that logically connects the motivations for the actions of the parties in the past with modern views on things. Of course, there can be no identity here, we cannot modernize even what is very recent and completely trust our today’s perception - all analogies are very conditional. The first crusades long ago became part of the era of feudalism. But in any case, the past is instructive, and it is necessary to use history for analysis: it is always important to understand what motivated people’s actions even in a time not very distant from us.

Perhaps that is why the parallels with the crusades of the Middle Ages are not so unexpected when we are talking about our country, which more than once in its history was subjected to invasions by newly-minted crusaders. Historical comparisons, it is possible, are even somewhat dangerous for researchers, but in this case the analogy is quite appropriate, and not only due to historical imagery, but mainly because many Western politicians, firmly tied to the confrontation with the Soviet Union and Russia, considered the expression “crusade” is suitable to denote an uncompromising battle between two socio-political systems, two worldviews. This battle has taken the form of both military clashes, putting our country on the brink of its very existence, and secret confrontation between special services that do not recognize the rules of the game. In these conditions, enemy reconnaissance was destined to play the role of a battering ram in order to make holes in our defenses. Russia and the Soviet Union were destined in the 20th century to experience the strength and cunning of such powerful and sophisticated intelligence services as the Secret Intelligence Service of Great Britain, the Abwehr and RSHC of Hitler's Germany and the CIA of the United States.

Perhaps the first to use the sonorous epithet “crusades” in modern times was Winston Churchill, a great lover of aphorisms. The baton was picked up by American President Reagan, obsessed with many mystical ideas. Well, we'll have to accept this cruel term.

History has left to humanity the results and consequences of the Crusades - both those that, under the slogan of liberating the Holy Sepulcher, blazed in the world a long time ago, and those that swept across the planet with fire and sword during our civilization.

So, new crusaders. “Ghosts from Tchaikovsky Street” - this is how the Americans themselves liked to call the intelligence officers of the Moscow CIA station for their almost mythical elusiveness. The point, however, is that she was not like that at all. The opposition of Soviet counterintelligence to the actions of the US intelligence services with the active participation of our intelligence and other special bodies and units of our country, the disruption of intelligence operations of the Moscow station is already the property of secret archives; many of them are open to the public.

“Ghosts from Tchaikovsky Street” is the title of my book, published in 1999, about the American intelligence ambassadorial station and its actions in the 80s of the 20th century, which went down in history as the “decade of espionage.”

Today, the former name of the street on which the United States Embassy is located no longer exists, and the diplomatic mission itself has expanded significantly - an impressive complex of buildings has been put into operation on the embankment of the Moscow River, opposite the Russian Government House.

Literature about intelligence agencies is very popular in the United States, especially when experts take up the pen - specialists in their field with a reputation or just people with a “name”. And, of course, Americans love to read about the victories of their intelligence services over America’s enemies. They also like sensations, even if they are not just luck. However, there must inevitably be a good ending. The circulation of books about the US CIA, the largest secret war agency on the globe, is estimated at astronomical figures; a boom in publications about the CIA has long swept the United States.

Many former intelligence chiefs - Allen Dulles, William Colby, Stansfield Turner, Richard Helms, William Casey, Robert Gates - seek glory at the desk without finding it in the military. They make every effort to praise American intelligence and do not spare colorful epithets to describe the exploits it performs in the name of protecting US interests. CIA intelligence officers are portrayed as men of honor and heroic deeds, knights of freedom and democracy. In books about the CIA, the reader will not find frank stories about secret actions carried out by US intelligence agencies around the world aimed at overthrowing regimes that Washington does not like; about organizing murders and assassination attempts on foreign political and military figures who interfere with Americans.

In recent years, especially after the scandalous revelations of the CIA and the major failures of American intelligence in the confrontation with the intelligence services of the Soviet Union, many publications have appeared in which the activities of the CIA are examined quite objectively, informatively, and from a critical position. Several books have been published by former CIA employees who broke with intelligence and took on the difficult and dangerous work of exposing it. After the forced revelations about the failures in Moscow, the stunned American reader and viewer was bombarded with details that were unpleasant for the United States about the CIA agents and operations exposed in our country; Washington was then looking for those responsible for the sensational defeats of their intelligence service, and today they are again trying to hide their Moscow station in the shadows.

A lot has also been written about the state security agencies of our country - both here and abroad. Foreign sources often distort the activities of the KGB, reducing it to repression, suppression of dissidents, etc. This is natural, because the authors of such publications are hired by the CIA or engaged publicists and journalists, traitors to the Motherland and defectors, renegades and changelings. Their goal is clear - to denigrate the state security agencies of our country, to discredit them as a force that disrupts and has disrupted the intelligence and subversive activities of foreign intelligence services, to justify their betrayal, their espionage service in favor of foreign intelligence services.

It is not surprising that the activities of the United States intelligence services directed against Russia; actions of the Moscow CIA station, which interest us primarily; the multifaceted work of Soviet and Russian intelligence services to counter American intelligence, its embassy residency in Moscow - all these topics still remain closed, despite the abundance of publications by Western and domestic authors that have appeared recently. One can also understand why there is still a lot of unknowns in the sphere of activities of the US intelligence services that remain behind the scenes. There are a considerable number of myths and legends about the CIA and other intelligence services in Washington, glorifying their strength, power and nobility, although many have already been fairly damaged by reality.

It is unlikely that the topic of the activities of the United States intelligence services will ever be completely exhausted. Today we see, probably, only the tip of a huge iceberg.

A lot is now known about the American intelligence services, about the CIA, created at the beginning of the Cold War, during which the United States opposed its “main enemy” - the Soviet Union. Although American intelligence is very reluctant to part with its secrets, and, of course, does the right thing by protecting its secrets. After all, the leakage of information from the depths of intelligence, if it is not done deliberately, to deceive the enemy, is its failure, often very large and difficult to correct.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, with the end of the Cold War, in conditions when Washington claims to be a world leader, fundamental changes in the geopolitical situation have occurred and are occurring on the planet. In this regard, the role of the United States in the world is assessed differently. In our country there is an ambiguous, sometimes contradictory attitude towards the policies and goals of an overseas power. Many openly force themselves to be friends with Americans, although in reality they may not really want this. Washington no longer officially calls Russia its “main adversary,” and Moscow has also abandoned this designation in relation to the United States.

But no matter how our attitude towards the United States changes, the American intelligence services, including the CIA, cannot change their nature. They still have the characteristics that defined their activities in recent times. Most likely, this is a natural process characteristic of the antipodes - intelligence and counterintelligence, when one side, acting by secret methods, energetically strives to solve its problems, and the other equally actively interferes with it. This is the eternal dialectic of the activities of special services, which will remain instruments of states for a very long time.

At the beginning of 1993, the US Senate approved another candidate for the main post in Langley. As usual, the new CIA director James Woolsey gave a very figurative speech from the throne in the Senate. “We have killed a great dragon,” said Wolsey, “but today we find ourselves in a jungle infested with many poisonous snakes, and this cannot but cause concern.” Meticulous Western journalists immediately began to comment on this metaphorical statement by the chief of American intelligence, full of bravado, but also full of anxiety for the future. Iran, Cuba, North Korea, and other rogue countries (in the terminology of Washington politicians) were included in the category of “poisonous snakes”, new opponents of the United States; This also includes some global problems: the spread of weapons of mass destruction around the world; drugs spreading; financial machinations of businessmen-adventurers and, of course, international terrorism, rushing for ever new victims. But Washington clearly did not expect that this new world disease would take on such a scale and hit the United States itself so significantly. Now it is no longer possible to attribute adversity to the hated “evil empire”; there is no “big dragon” to fight in the Cold War. Other geopolitical factors have emerged and actually become apparent, which, according to Washington, could hinder US leadership on the globe.

And now the American “hawks” and their accomplices are hatching the idea of a crusade against the “barbaric Islamic world,” allegedly to blame for the current troubles of the United States and the West. The new crusaders, having forgotten the lessons of history, cherish the hope of taking revenge for what the crusaders of the Middle Ages failed to achieve. Globalist strategists, frightened by the threatening loss of captured wealth and fearing for the very fate of the “golden billion” - the chosen inhabitants of the Earth - are feverishly looking for a new enemy. The image of the enemy, fueling the work of insatiable big business, must not disappear! Here they are, the paradoxes of geopolitics: whoever is not with us is our enemy and must fall!

This book is about a confrontation that has a beginning, but apparently has no end; about the crusades of our time; about attack and defense; about the features of reconnaissance and subversive activities of the new crusaders. About spies and defectors who went into the service of American intelligence; about people who may not be called CIA agents, but who form a treacherous fifth column.

The confrontation between the special services is unlikely to end soon. Of course, it is better to be winners in it, and the United States intelligence services, primarily the CIA, are persistently striving for this. I believe, however, that the Russian state security agencies, which defend the interests of our state and each of its individual citizens, have enough gunpowder in their flasks.

I had the opportunity to take part in the uncompromising secret battles of the Cold War, which today has acquired a new quality. In 1979–1992, I headed the first department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, which was at the forefront of the battle between our country’s counterintelligence and one of the most powerful and sophisticated intelligence services in the world.

Inexorable time is rapidly throwing the dramatic events of the past further into history, changing our feelings and ideas. It is impossible to continue to live only by experiences, but ignoring history is unwise and dangerous - the insidious muse of history Clio will not tolerate this.

My sincere gratitude to everyone who made the appearance of this book possible - my dear colleagues, friends and comrades - employees of the state security agencies of our country, who have retired and continue to serve the Motherland on the fronts of secret battles. I am sorry that it will not be possible to name all the names - the requirements of anonymity are as severe for the FSB as for the KGB of the USSR

I am grateful to L. A. Krepkov, Yu. A. Dushkin, Yu. X. Totrov - for useful advice and recommendations regarding American intelligence services; to my fellow student at MGIMO, Doctor of Philosophy of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. S. Semenov - for his assessment of the socio-political processes of our difficult times.

My heartfelt gratitude to my wife Ninel Fedorovna for her constant support and for essentially becoming my editor-in-chief. The help and good advice of my children, Tatyana and Sergei, and his wife, also Tatyana, were also very valuable to me.

Chapter 1

Citadel on the Potomac

A secret object that is no longer a secret. - Who rules the roost in the CIA? - CIA in the US intelligence community. - Something about Langley's central apparatus

The Potomac is a river in the United States of America of medium size, by geographic standards. It is associated with the centuries-old history of the Indian tribes of North America, the colonization of the river valley in the 16th century by Spanish conquerors, the arrival of pilgrims from England to the Potomac, fierce battles for the separation of the colonies from the British Empire, and the bloody battles of the Civil War of 1861–1865. The importance and prestige of this river are now determined by the fact that the capital of the United States is located on its banks.

Now in the federal district created for the needs of the capital of the United States, and in the adjacent states of Virginia and Maryland, there are no Indians - neither peaceful nor warlike. The former owners of these lands were almost completely exterminated or pushed to distant lands, where they were herded into reservations in the Middle and Far West. Now other, more ruthless hunters are rushing here for the scalps of their enemies. And museums and monuments remind us of past wars.

But, perhaps, in modern times the Potomac River has gained no less popularity due to the fact that the citadel of American intelligence, the headquarters of the CIA, has settled on it, in the suburb of Washington - Langley. The Americans themselves call it Langley.

The giant Langley complex, covering an area of 219 acres, was built in 1961 in a forest nine miles from the capital. This is a remarkable monument, but a very special kind of attraction, surrounded by secrecy and strictly guarded. Langley is not listed in tourist guides and guides; extensive photography and video recording are not allowed here. Especially categorically - in those premises where the official offices are located, secret dossiers, special equipment and equipment used by CIA intelligence officers are stored.

On the George Washington Expressway, which leads south from the nation's capital toward states that were once at war with the North, there are no road signs familiar to Americans that would indicate the direction to CIA headquarters. Meanwhile, in the old days there were road signs “The Road to the CIA”: either due to an oversight of the builders, or out of habit of order, they were installed when the road was being built. Well, then a curious incident occurred involving Robert Kennedy, the Secretary of Justice and brother of the President, who lived next door to Langley. Having met with one of the leading intelligence officials, he could not hide his indignation: “How is it possible, you classify your headquarters, and there are signs on the highway - “Road to the CIA”!” The road signs, of course, were removed, but for the pilots the Langley building was already a good landmark. CIA Director William Colby 1 told the press about this.

There is a dual carriageway leading from the motorway to Langley, also without road signs. Not far from the CIA headquarters is a guard post disguised as a water tower. Outsiders will be politely shown to turn away from the gate. They will also politely let them into the Langley territory, where the main intelligence building rises - a seven-story building made of concrete, marble and glass and camouflaged from prying eyes by the Virginia forest. Construction of Langley cost 50 million dollars - an impressive amount for those times.

They have special badge passes with photographs of the owners. “Strangers” are allowed into the complex only on special lists.

As befits a highly classified institution, the number of its inhabitants is kept secret. Many people are trying to solve it - simply out of curiosity, in pursuit of the next sensation, or out of official necessity. Even the builders of Langley were not aware of the purpose for which they were building this outlandish colossus and how many people it would accommodate.

And even today they prefer to remain silent about the number of Langley personnel, at least within itself. According to information that appears from time to time, it ranges from 12 to 20 thousand.

A huge parking lot has been built for employees, where four thousand personal cars are parked every weekday. And many more are delivered to Langley and taken home to Washington by multi-seat buses of the popular Blue Van company in America. Wealthy intelligence officers, however, prefer to live in their own villas and cottages in the suburbs of the capital, especially in Arlington, close to the CIA headquarters, which has long been favored by government officials.

In the mornings and at the end of work, Langley, subject to his own internal laws and orders, looks like a disturbed anthill. The measured bustle dies down when the local inhabitants go to work, only to reappear in the evening hours.

Langley has long ceased to be a mystery to those who were haunted by this main secret of his. With its disclosure, the ubiquitous American journalists could calm down. However, other secrets are still very strictly kept, much more important than the protocol secret of the location of the headquarters, although it is no longer as inaccessible to curious visitors as in former times.

Americans have enormous admiration for their democracy and openness; are proud that their public buildings, even the almighty Congress building on Washington's Capitol Hill, are accessible to visitors.

The CIA headquarters, of course, falls off the list of public sites open to tourists. True, lately the owners of Langley have been allowing strangers into the fold of the CIA, what can you do, you have to conform to the fashionable trends of the time; however, excursionists are shown only what does not affect the secrets of intelligence.

The events of September 11, 2001 changed the placid course of American life. Tourists, accustomed to clicking the shutters of cameras and video cameras, no longer have the freedom they had in the old days. Unprecedented security measures are being implemented at all federal buildings. They are taken under the protection of the Secret Service and the FBI. Concrete barriers have been erected in the path of possible terrorist attacks if they intended to use vehicles with explosives. Tourist excursions are reduced to a minimum or prohibited altogether.

The Central Intelligence Agency complex in Langley. already strictly protected, became a special-security facility. The media is whipping up mass psychosis - every day it is reported about the plans of the terrorists bin Laden and other attackers to launch surprise attacks on America. The United States has truly become a front-line territory. Politicians and the media are busy guessing: where and in what form attacks from America's hidden enemies will follow.

The first thing that appears to rare visitors to the complex is the majestic statue of the American intelligence hero from the War of Independence of the United States, Nathan Hale, with a noose around his neck. Hale, a military intelligence officer and captain in George Washington's Continental Army, was captured by the British and executed in 1776. Nathan Hale is honored in the United States as a national hero, a courageous soldier of the secret war; he is a symbol of the greatness and sacrifice of American intelligence at all times.

Guests will then be ushered into the spacious main entrance lobby of the building, where a bas-relief of Langley founder Allen Dulles, a veteran of the American intelligence community and the third director of the CIA, is installed. Tourists will be shown the Book of Honor and a memorial plaque with many stars symbolizing American intelligence officers who died in the line of duty. Half of the stars are still anonymous.

The very first in a long series of memorial signs is the asterisk for Douglas McKiernan, head of the CIA station in Urumqi, the main city in the northwestern region of the PRC. American intelligence tried in the second half of the 40s to rouse the Uighur population of this area against the victorious Chinese revolution. Another star is William Buckley, the CIA station officer in Beirut who was captured by Palestinians and killed in 1985. Buckley launched a vigorous activity in Lebanon, trying to introduce his agents into Palestinian organizations. Another star appeared quite recently, in the 90s of the 20th century, Freddie Woodruff, sent by Langley to Tbilisi to help Eduard Shevardnadze retain power in the restless Transcaucasian republic, and at the same time organize reconnaissance from the territory of Georgia against Russia.

On the ground floor of Langley's main building there is a portrait gallery of CIA leaders from the very first, Rear Admiral Roscoe Hilenkoter, who held this post under President Truman (until October 1950), to John Deitch, who came from a family of Belgian Jewish emigrants, who gave up his position to the current to Langley Chief George Tenet. There are fifteen characters in total in this gallery, which is waiting for new portraits to appear. All leaders had to play their role in the life of American intelligence, some unique and memorable, etched in history, others ordinary and unremarkable. But each had his own style, his own vision of events and influence on the affairs of the intelligence agency. It’s time to rephrase the old saying - “tell me who your boss is, and I’ll tell you who you are.” In addition, the head of the CIA is also, so to speak, the Director of Central Intelligence, subordinate to the US President directly or through the National Security Agency (NSA). The latter is tasked with coordinating the activities of the intelligence services included in the so-called intelligence community, assessing and analyzing the information obtained and long-term planning. However, one should not be too mistaken: members of the US intelligence community are quite independent and in fact are not very subordinate to the master of Langley, and coordination often turns out to be only formal.

The third in line (but by no means least important) CIA director Allen Dulles, the younger brother of Washington's foreign policy chief, led American intelligence under Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. In our country, he is known for his classic work for the US intelligence services, “The Art of Espionage,” translated into Russian, and as the leader of the American intelligence group in Europe during the Second World War, who entered into a secret conspiracy with the Nazis to create a united front against the Soviet Union. And also - according to instructions from US intelligence and Washington’s well-wishers in our country about creating a “fifth column” to overthrow the communist regime hated by America. According to American intelligence officers, Allen Dulles is considered an espionage ace. The Dulles brothers, with close ties to influential US military-industrial and financial corporations, had enormous weight in Washington. Allen Dulles rightfully deserves the fame of the founder of the intelligence citadel at Langley. True, he did not have time to enjoy the amenities of the luxurious office designed with his participation on the seventh floor of the main building.

Before Dulles, General Walter Bedell Smith, a major American military man, the right hand of the future US President Eisenhower, commander of the invasion forces in Western Europe, spent three years in the chair of the CIA headquarters in Washington. Smith is also known for being the United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union - for some reason this gave the CIA a false reputation as the head of the American diplomatic mission in the USSR. This does not correspond to the actual state of affairs, but it is very tempting to believe that this was the case.

After the crushing failure of American intelligence in Cuba, John Kennedy fired the obstinate CIA director from retirement. The office on the seventh floor, overlooking the picturesque Potomac River valley, went to John McCone, an opponent of US military operations in the Bay of Cochinos, who, however, quickly retrained as another “hawk” who zealously joined the brutal American adventure in Vietnam. McCone was considered an outsider at Langley, but he held on as CIA director for five years thanks to the support of President Johnson, and perhaps also because he himself was a rather colorless person. One way or another, he did not leave a noticeable mark on Langley.

Richard (Dick) Helms became the sixth director of the CIA, replacing another “outsider” in this post - Vice Admiral Rayborn.

Richard Helms, a talented and competent master of espionage, an expert in subtle intelligence work, so far holds the record for longevity in Langley - seven years! He was one of his own and even during the war he worked in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), rightfully considered the predecessor of the CIA. At Langley, Helms persistently and persistently pursued the aggressive line of his teacher Allen Dulles, significantly strengthened intelligence and subversive work against the Soviet Union, and further embroiled his department in the "dirty war" in Vietnam. Just like his idol Alley Dulles, who was removed from Langley by Democratic President Kennedy, he was removed from power in the CIA by Republican President Nixon, who did not forgive him for the deliberately weak protection of the president with the means and capabilities of the CIA and FBI from the consequences of the Watergate scandal, which cost Nixon his ultimately the White House.

Let's skip in our gallery the portrait of James Schlessinger, also an outsider in the CIA, who soon became Secretary of Defense after his time at Langley, and move on to the eighth director of the CIA, William Colby. An intelligence veteran, an OSS intelligence officer during World War II, Colby distinguished himself in the secret field, worked in CIA stations in Stockholm, Rome and Saigon, and then, arriving in Vietnam for the second time, led the cannibalistic Operation Phoenix: the result - many thousands victims. Having survived in Vietnam, unlike dozens of American intelligence officers who did not escape punishment for the bloody deeds of the CIA and received their stars in the Langley pantheon, William Colby died absurdly - at home, having already retired, as a result of an accident at sea. The CIA has a twofold attitude towards him: both respect as a brave soldier of a secret war who carried out a bloody massacre of the communists in Indochina and the Soviets in the Cold War, and disapproval of this intellectual slobber, who significantly harmed Langley with his confessions about intelligence sins in Congress in the Commission on investigation.

Let's slowly pass by another figure in the leadership of the CIA, George W. Bush, the future American president and father of the current occupant of the White House, George W. Bush, and turn to the portrait of the tenth director of the CIA, Admiral Stansfield Turner. An experienced sailor, former commander of the American fleet in the Atlantic and commander in chief of NATO forces in southern Europe, the admiral was appointed to Langley by President Carter, who, for lack of a better candidate, decided to send his classmate from the naval academy to the CIA. Turner may have lived up to the Democratic president's hopes, but he earned a nasty reputation among intelligence officials. To begin with, Stansfield Turner became too interested in technical means of obtaining information - to the detriment, of course, of the more risky operations of human intelligence. In Congress, and he is the owner of the budgetary allocations for the intelligence service, very unpleasant investigations of CIA actions took place for Langley. Apparently under the influence of these proceedings, Turner sharply reduced the number of "special operations" conducted by the CIA around the world. Finally, the admiral aroused the resentment and anger of veterans, old-timers and simply some of the undesirable persons directly affected by his decisions to fire many intelligence officers.

Stansfield Turner's career in the CIA ended after Ronald Reagan came to the White House, removing the admiral and placing William Casey in charge of Langley. Turner recalled himself a few years later, criticizing the CIA for major failures in analysis and assessment of the situation, which led to the fall of the Shah of Iran and the collapse of the USSR. But this is a completely different story, which can only be called a belated insight and recognition of the depravity of the myth about the “decisive role” of the CIA in the overthrow of the “main enemy” of the United States.

Let's continue our journey through the Langley Gallery, which contains portraits of successive and retired intelligence chiefs - talented and not capable of great achievements, energetic and lazy, reasonable and not marked with the seal of wisdom. Now we have before us one of the very colorful figures of American intelligence - William Casey. A veteran of the intelligence service who, like some of his predecessors, threw in his lot with the OSS during World War II, a successful businessman and politician after the war, Casey was called by Ronald Reagan to head the CIA at the height of the United States' confrontation with the Soviet Union. William Casey was perhaps the only one of those who, having been elevated to the very pinnacle of power in Langley, ended his days not in retirement, but in a military post. The reader will have to meet more than once this harsh and restless man, who pathologically hates the “main enemy” - one of the main heroes of the new crusade of the United States.

William Webster, one of America's leading lawyers, a former federal judge and head of the FBI, was appointed by President Reagan to Langley to replace the late Casey. President Carter, by sending Webster to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, thus decided to end the authoritarian legacy of the late J. Edgar Hoover, who ruled the FBI for forty-eight years, and at the same time the unpleasant consequences of the Watergate scandal for the White House. It seemed to Carter that Webster's arrival at Langley would reconcile the CIA with the FBI, since under Hoover the relationship between these two intelligence services had seriously deteriorated. In Langley, William Webster inherited a powerful reconnaissance machine, extremely heated by a wide frontal attack on the “main enemy.” True, it was already pretty tattered in the Soviet Union itself, where the Moscow CIA station suffered serious setbacks in the 1980s. Major failures in Moscow - the loss of valuable agents, the red-handed capture of a number of station intelligence officers by Soviet counterintelligence, the collapse of special technical intelligence operations - only spurred the new director to attack the enemy. The intelligence community's reputation also suffered as a result of the Iran-Contra affair. Webster was no longer in Langley when the dramatic climax of the demise of the Soviet Union began.

After leaving Langley, Webster was accused of both inability to act in the current situation and inability to predict the fall of the “main enemy.” The chair of the CIA director was taken by his first deputy, the relatively old and very ambitious Robert Gates.

The changing of the guard in the White House, where Democratic President Bill Clinton came, led to a change of power at CIA headquarters. Gates resigned, and Langley hired a new intelligence chief, James Woolsey, who became the fourteenth director of the CIA.

Euphoria in the CIA due to the collapse of the USSR, the United States' adversary in the Cold War, did not allow Wolsey to stay at Langley for a long time. He was accused of many sins, including failure to carry out fundamental reforms at Langley that would correspond to the new conditions, and most importantly, of being too liberal in his attitude towards employees who overlooked the penetration of Soviet and Russian intelligence agents into the CIA. Langley had been feverishly aware for many years that the CIA had lost its pristine purity and could no longer claim to be called “Caesar’s wife,” who was “beyond suspicion.”

James Woolsey had a notable feature: he was, perhaps, the last of the cohort of CIA directors who came from influential financial and industrial circles, such as Allen Dulles, John McCone, William Rayborn, George H. W. Bush, William Casey. People from American "big business" have strived to take leading positions in intelligence since the emergence of the CIA. Through attorneys, law firms, company consultants, and foundation employees, “big business” rushed into intelligence, seeing in this an opportunity to manage political processes in the United States itself and in the world. This, in turn, promised considerable material benefits. So Wolsey, before coming to Langley, was a member of the Board of Directors of one of the leading companies in the American military-industrial complex - Martin-Marietta, the main manufacturer and supplier of weapons for the Pentagon. Truly, he who pays calls the tune. With the departure of James Woolsey from Langley, the close ties between “big business” and intelligence did not end. Other people stayed and came to the CIA to lobby the interests of large monopolies. And in Washington as a whole, “big business” maintained a strong position.

John Deitch, who took over the post of CIA director, who ends our tour of the Langley Portrait Gallery, became the hero of a scandalous story, completely incredible for Langley employees of this position. No, he did not make financial transactions, like many bankers and entrepreneurs who gained access to classified information. True, they tried to convict him of stealing a company computer from his office. But the charges brought against John Deitch were more serious than simple theft.

John Deitch was appointed to Langley under President Clinton as Principal Under Secretary of Defense, overseeing military intelligence. Deutsch is from a family of Belgian Jewish immigrants. The first CIA director to be born outside the United States. In his own words, he came to Langley in order to “bring the CIA out of its shock.” Probably, the numbness is serious if it required surgical intervention. To bring down the hysteria into which senior US leaders had fallen, Deitch began to amputate: he dismissed almost two dozen high-ranking and distinguished CIA officers who were considered to have shown negligence in the Aldrich Ames case; carried out a number of strict administrative measures, and then took up the structural reorganization of Langley. America's top rulers in Washington were out for blood, and their thirst was quenched. Well, the reorganization was supposed to restore the CIA's badly damaged reputation and adapt intelligence to new tasks. But were these tasks really so new, since the geopolitical situation in the world was completely different from before? Were the methods and techniques by which they were solved so fundamentally different from the previous, “classical” ones?

So what happened to John Deitch after his resignation? The whole story, almost a detective story, began in 1999, with the order of the current CIA director George Tenet to secretly check a number of senior Langley employees, although it matured much earlier. It was then that John Deitch found himself at the center of the investigation. The official investigation was conducted by CIA Inspector General Gordon, Tenet's deputy. The inspector general's report, on the basis of which Tenet ordered the investigation, contained an accusation that Deitch, along with a personal computer, had stolen a significant amount of classified documents from Langley. John Deitch did not deny: he somehow vaguely explained that he needed the seized information either to write his memoirs, or for some “scientific purposes.” Subsequently, the investigation took on an even more sensitive nature; President Clinton's Intelligence Advisory Council was involved in it. How did this criminal epic, unpleasant for the CIA and John Deitch, end (if it ended at all)? It became known that a secret order had been issued by the Inspector General to impose administrative penalties on a number of responsible Langley employees for lapses in vigilance. The CIA said, however, that perhaps the investigation materials would be transferred to the Ministry of Justice. Let's wait and see, the skeptics argued, a raven will not peck out a crow's eye.

John Deitch, whose portrait now appears in the “former” gallery, gave up the position of CIA director to his current owner. The one who, willy-nilly, was forced to understand the activities of his predecessor. One way or another, now the sixteenth chief of the CIA will have to wait for him to be immortalized by an artist’s brush.

George Tenet is the first Greek American to hold such a high position at Langley. Like Casey, he is a member of a small conclave of the ruling Washington administration, tasked with sensitive political undertakings that fall outside the purview of the CIA and the intelligence community over which he leads. CIA leaders are no strangers to participating in heated conflicts and carrying out delicate assignments from the White House. One can recall at least Casey’s shuttle trips to Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan during the Afghan events and Gates’ secret voyages to Delhi and Islamabad, which were on the brink of the fourth Indo-Pakistani war. So Tenet is sent to the Middle East to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict, which has again sharply escalated recently. Another thing is what results this trip of the CIA director led to. The widely publicized “Tenet Plan,” with the help of which the Americans tried to resolve issues around the status of Jerusalem, Palestinian refugees and Israeli settlements growing like mushrooms in the territory of the Palestinian Authority, made a lot of noise, but did not resolve the most pressing dispute. Washington openly takes the side of Israel, and it is unknown when the confrontation between the parties will end.

After the tragic events of September 2001 for the United States, when Washington launched a massive anti-terrorism campaign against the perpetrators of bloody terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, Tenet, as intelligence chief, was entrusted with the hunt for “terrorist number one” with the task of physically eliminating bin Laden. The CIA received a huge increase in its generous budget for this purpose. At stake is the prestige of Washington, the personal authority of George W. Bush and, of course, the ability of George Tenet to cope with the task.

The CIA is part of the giant conglomerate of the US intelligence community, which now covers all intelligence agencies related to intelligence, counter-espionage and other covert operations. This colossus owes its current sonorous name to a special directive from President Reagan that announced the formation of the intelligence community in 1981. He had to act under the leadership of the president himself and the National Security Service that appeared at the same time and was assigned a special role in the confrontation with the “main enemy.”

In addition to the CIA, the community includes: the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA); branch military intelligence services - intelligence services of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps; The National Security Agency (NSA), which is involved in the interception of foreign communications systems, the decipherment of foreign codes and ciphers, and electronic intelligence; National Directorate (sometimes called the Center) of Reconnaissance; National Species Reconnaissance and Mapping Administration; Federal Bureau of Investigation; State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research.

In addition, the intelligence community includes the intelligence services of the Departments of Energy and Treasury. DIA, intelligence services of the military branches, reconnaissance, specific reconnaissance and cartography departments, as well as the NSA are part of the Ministry of Defense system; The FBI is a division of the Department of Justice.

By the way, the National Directorates of Reconnaissance and Intelligence may seem, judging by their name, to be new intelligence units. In fact, these departments existed in previous years, only they were called differently - military space intelligence, the Directorate for the Collection of Specialized Intelligence Data about Foreign States; They also bore other “exotic” designations. All these are space intelligence services. The equipment installed on the satellites allows photographing and monitoring of objects using multi-purpose electronic devices. The functions become more complex, and the names become different.

In the recent past, the intelligence community included the agency for combating illegal drug trafficking - the so-called D&I, a special service for identifying drug traffickers and drug delivery channels to the United States from abroad. It has numerous branches abroad, uses intelligence-operational methods of work and operational-technical means.

In the near future, the United States intelligence community is likely to be replenished with another intelligence agency - the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). If Congress approves the decision taken by President George W. Bush to create it, the Department will become one of the largest and highest-paid American departments - with an annual budget of over $37 billion and a staff of about 170 thousand people. Planned to create 4 directorates of the central apparatus and the Secret Service (protection of the US President and other senior officials) and their territorial branches, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will incorporate a number of institutions from other intelligence services, ministries and departments. Thus, from the Ministry of Finance, in addition to the Secret Service, the Customs Service is transferred to the new ministry; from the Department of Transportation - Coast Guard and Transportation Security Administration; from the Ministry of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Inspection Service and Animal Disease Center; from the Department of Health - Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Response Directorate, and the Civil Biodefense Research Program. The Department of Energy is transferring the Livermore National Laboratory, the National Infrastructure Testing and Analysis Center, and the Nuclear Incident Response Service to the new intelligence agency; Department of Justice - Immigration and Naturalization Service; Department of Commerce - Critical Infrastructure Support Division. The Department of Defense (National Communications Systems Center) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Emergency Preparedness Review Division and National Infrastructure Protection Center) will have to “part ways” with some specialized units.

The creation of the IWB will be the largest public administration reform in the last half century. However, with the creation of a new ministry and the restructuring of the American intelligence community, not everything is going smoothly. The point is not only that “the man crossed himself when thunder struck” and threats of terrorist attacks directly on the United States became a reality. The long-standing rivalry between departments, inherent in any bureaucratic apparatus, is taking its toll. Congress will likely face opposition from the Department of Defense, the CIA, and the FBI, which do not want to share some of their personnel with the DHS. We can expect a new surge in political struggle. Democrats, in particular, are demanding almost a merger of intelligence and counterintelligence agencies with a new intelligence service.

Chief Langley, who is also called the Director of Central Intelligence, is listed as the head of the intelligence community, and has a staff subordinate to him to manage this unwieldy mechanism. American sources claim that the Director of National Intelligence is only a nominal position, and in fact members of the community, including military intelligence, the NSA and especially the FBI, act independently. Whether this is true or not depends, probably, on the conjuncture, on the balance of power in the corridors of power in Washington and, of course, on the person currently holding the post of head of the CIA - Director of National Intelligence.

Perhaps it's time to draw some conclusions. Created during the Cold War to “protect against a surprise attack” (as it was declared under the strong impact on American society of the severe defeat from the Japanese at Pearl Harbor) and focused on confrontation with the “main enemy” - the Soviet Union, the intelligence community methodically turned into an instrument to ensure the global interests of the US ruling circles. It has become a huge intelligence and punitive mechanism, adaptable to the current and long-term needs of the country's leadership, and also endowed with the unique right to conduct special covert operations in support of the US political course.

It defines covert operations as one of the main means of American foreign policy, as those activities against foreign countries that are carried out or approved by the US government. However, these activities, the directive notes, are planned and carried out in such a way that their source - the US government - does not appear outwardly, and if exposed, the US government can plausibly deny its responsibility for it. These covert operations, as follows from the NSS directives, include: “propaganda, economic warfare, preventive direct actions, including sabotage, diversion, subversion against foreign states, including assistance to the underground resistance movement, partisans and emigrant groups, support for anti-communist groups in countries of the free world under threat..."

The intelligence community, in turn, reports, no longer nominally, to the NSC, established in 1947 under the National Security Act. The NSS is the governing body for all American intelligence services, the setter of the main tasks and the main consumer of the information coming from them. Well, the main director and owner of the political theater in Washington is the President of the United States, who is supposed to determine the strategy and give sanctions to the most important and sensitive operations of the intelligence services. He himself, the vice president, the secretary of state, the minister of defense - these four form the main, high-status backbone of the NSS. The Director of Central Intelligence is also a member of the NSC and an indispensable participant in its meetings. Heads of some other departments are also frequent guests.

The NSS has a headquarters headed by the Presidential Adviser for National Security. George W. Bush appointed to this important post the very energetic and active Condoleezza Rice, a woman with a sharp mind and an equally sharp tongue, with the habits of a predator deciding who will be Washington’s next victim.

Having become acquainted with the intelligence employer - the NSC, let's return briefly to the south bank of the Potomac River, to the main character of this book - the CIA.

According to those who planned the construction of the new headquarters, all major intelligence units were to be concentrated in Langley. The only thing they didn't intend to do there was to place a CIA training center there, with its unpredictable contingent - this center settled nearby, in the town of Camp Peary, Virginia. After all, the intelligence school students are not yet career employees of the service; it is unknown what their future fate will be and whether they will all end up at Langley. Even further from Washington, in Fort Detrick, Virginia, a top-secret department was settled - the Intelligence Center for the production and testing of psychotropic drugs, deadly poisons, and the cultivation of bacilli that cause epidemics and epizootics. This is completely far away from prying human eyes, and they probably considered the close proximity to such a disturbing object dangerous.

In the United States, many people believe that the CIA, which was born in 1947, is a product of the so-called Pearl Harbor syndrome, when Japan attacked the American naval base in the Hawaiian Islands. Strong intelligence must protect America from a surprise enemy attack. Some take this as truth, which is most likely not a naive game; others believe that the CIA is a product of the Cold War against the US's "main enemy" - the Soviet Union. This is also largely legal. But these factors are not the whole truth that would explain the creation of the CIA, and later the intelligence community. Langley (even if this statement may seem banal to some) is the tool with which Washington achieves world domination.

When President Truman signed the National Security Act that created the CIA in 1947, he established intelligence as a powerful force in government, more powerful than intelligence in any other government; Allen Dulles, appointed director of the CIA in 1953, would say so later.

The CIA inherited a wealth of experience as an intelligence and subversive organization created in 1942 by order of President Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt put his friend William Donovan at its head. This is the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), formed largely with the assistance and model of British intelligence and during the Second World War, was engaged in collecting intelligence information and organizing sabotage actions against the Axis powers. The OSS became the base for the CIA. Many future CIA employees began their service there, including Langley leaders Allen Dulles, William Colby, Richard Helms and William Casey.

“Conceived” 60 years ago, the OSS, of course, could not even dream that after the war it would be deployed into a large-scale intelligence agency, the size of which, human and material potential, would far exceed what the United States allowed itself during the Second World War.

Since its formation, the structure of the CIA has undergone significant changes. They affected both the central intelligence apparatus and its foreign units spread throughout the globe. They also led to the emergence of a kind of intelligence branches directly on the territory of the United States, which until now remained the fiefdom of the FBI. The transformation of American intelligence can be traced through open materials posted on Internet sites.

In the 1980s, which saw another surge in the Cold War, Langley housed four main intelligence services: the Directorate of Operations, the main producer of intelligence information through agents and technical means; Information and Analytical Directorate - the main intelligence unit for the analysis and implementation of obtained information; The Scientific and Technical Directorate, whose functions include, in particular, the development of special technical intelligence means, and, finally, the Administrative Directorate, which manages the finances and logistics of the CIA. The heads of the directorates were also deputy chiefs of the CIA. I will not bore the reader with a list of other services and departments included in the Langley structure. Well, we will still have to deal with the main units of Langley, since they will remain in subsequent years, somewhat modified in their internal structure and replenished with new units that will be required by intelligence in a different situation.

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March marked the 85th anniversary of the birth of the best counterintelligence officer of the USSR, General Rem Krasilnikov.

He was called a “double agent mole hunter” and “the main enemy of the CIA’s Moscow station.” For more than 20 years, Rem Sergeevich Krasilnikov headed the English and then the American departments of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR - Soviet counterintelligence. The most interesting and effective operations against Western intelligence services are associated with his name. Perhaps it was Krasilnikov and his subordinates who achieved the greatest success in exposing foreign intelligence agents in the Soviet Union.

Our observer was not closely acquainted with the legendary counterintelligence officer. Therefore, he asked his former subordinate and student, FSB Colonel Yuri Anatolyevich N., to tell about him.

Mole hunter

We are sitting in the kitchen of a Moscow apartment. Yuri Anatolyevich has just returned from the Khovanskoye cemetery. He brought flowers to the Teacher's grave.

March is a special time for General Krasilnikov. In the first month of spring 1927 he was born. In March 2003 he died. Let’s remember a good man,” the colonel raised his glass.

They drank without clinking glasses. Yuri Anatolyevich hid the bottle in the refrigerator and brought a thick folder from another room. He took out a yellowed newspaper clipping and handed it to me. Under the heading “The State Security Committee of the USSR” an official message was published: “On March 16, 1986, in Moscow, Second Secretary of the US Embassy Michael Sellers was detained red-handed while holding a secret meeting with a Soviet citizen recruited by American intelligence. Another espionage action by US intelligence services against the Soviet Union was stopped. During the investigation, evidence was collected that completely exposes this US Embassy employee in intelligence activities incompatible with his official status. For illegal espionage activities, M. Sellers was declared persona non grata. An investigation is underway into the case of the arrested American intelligence agent.”

The era of glasnost,” Yuri Anatolyevich grinned. - General Krasilnikov loved such messages in newspapers.

The colonel began to talk about the operation, which was led by Rem Sergeevich. It turns out that the second secretary of the US Embassy, Michael Sellers, is an intelligence officer at the CIA station in Moscow. “Arrested American intelligence agent” - senior detective of the KGB department for Moscow and the Moscow region, Major Sergei Vorontsov - “mole”, agent Kapushon. Vorontsov introduced himself to American intelligence officers as an employee of the central counterintelligence apparatus, an employee of the Second Main Directorate, a subordinate of the formidable General Krasilnikov...

For what? - the “AN” columnist could not resist asking a question.

“To increase your worth in the eyes of the CIA,” answered Yuri Anatolyevich. - At that time, having a “mole” in Lubyanka, and even in the American department, was unheard of cool. In terms of importance, this is about the same as Ames in the American intelligence services or the traitor Poteev from our intelligence.

How was the Hood exposed?

The colonel pulled out another piece of paper from the folder. This time with a translation of an excerpt from Pete Earley’s book “Confessions of a Spy.” Laconic lines caught my eye: “On March 10, the KGB ambushed intelligence officer and CIA agent Michael Sellers when he was on his way to the meeting place with the spy. The CIA later learned his first and last name - Sergei Vorontsov. Vorontsov has been a CIA agent since 1984. He reported on how the local KGB department was monitoring the US Embassy in Moscow.” An American journalist claimed that Kapushon gave his contact a secret powder with which Soviet counterintelligence secretly marked US Embassy cars. In the rays of special devices, the cars of the spy diplomats glowed even at night. This made it much easier to spy on them.

Is it true?

Nonsense,” the FSB colonel snapped. - Our outdoor surveillance, of course, used different technical methods and methods. But I never resorted to “chemistry”. And the impostor “mole” was personally identified by General Krasilnikov himself.

Yuri Anatolyevich laughed:

We’ll talk about this in half a century, when the “Top Secret” classification will be removed from this operation. But I can tell you now how they took the other “mole.”

This was my first operation under the leadership of Rem Sergeevich. But I still remember Serebryakov Passage, which is located in the northern region of Moscow. Now it is no longer possible to recognize the place where the American spy Paul Zalaki, whom we were following, came. Only the power line supports remained.

Paul Zalaki hid his cobblestone in one of them. Inside, as it later turned out, there was a bundle of money sealed in plastic - 20 thousand rubles and a note reminding - a signal about the seizure of the cache.

Exactly two weeks later, a stocky middle-aged man appeared in the area of the cache, with a shopping bag in his hands. I saw him getting nervous and looking around; goes to the hiding place, picks up the cobblestone and puts it in the bag; steps aside and hides the stone in the bushes. Here our operatives take him under his white hands. It was clear: this is the one for whom the hiding container is intended. During interrogation, they found out that the agent caught red-handed in the secret operation was Lieutenant Colonel of the First Main Directorate Poleshchuk, who came on vacation from the USSR Embassy in Nigeria.

Poleshchuk’s failure, Pete Earley states in his book, is “something terrible.” But what horrified the Americans, apparently, was not the loss of Poleshchuk itself, but the loss of potential opportunities for penetration with the help of agent Libra into the central apparatus of Soviet intelligence, into one of its most important divisions - the counterintelligence department.

Attacks on the intelligence network

General Krasilnikov has dozens of such operations on his account. Here are already declassified statistics from the second half of the 80s - early 90s. Since 1985 alone, thirteen intelligence officers from the Moscow CIA station, caught red-handed while committing espionage actions, have been expelled from the country. Also at this time, more than twenty CIA agents from among the citizens of the USSR and Russia were exposed and prosecuted. More than thirty American intelligence officers who were with us were exposed. At the instigation of General Krasilnikov, they appeared on the pages of the media as involved in subversive actions.

Such attacks significantly damaged the reputation of American intelligence. Significant gaps appeared in the CIA intelligence network. Agents Fitness, Jogger, Village, Glazing, Thame, Backbend, West were caught red-handed. Agent Langley Eastbound came to confess to the State Security Committee. Tony's career as an American spy did not last long. Agent Prologue, who was eagerly awaited in Langley, was arrested, having prepared all the necessary conditions for his evacuation from our country.

Frustrated by these failures, Robert Gates, director of the CIA in 1991-1993. stated: “Who would have thought five years ago where we would find ourselves today! Information about the USSR was weak, since the intelligence network of our intelligence was curtailed at that time.”

William Webster, director of the CIA from 1987-1991. confirmed: “Information from the Soviet Union was fragmentary. The CIA failed to predict the collapse of the Soviet Union."

Stansfield Turner, director of the CIA from 1977 to 1981, wrote: “We should not gloss over the failure of the CIA.”

The CIA's failures in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s, as one Langley official put it, "literally destroyed the Moscow station."

“Unconventional sources” are more dangerous than residents

The Colonel continued to read out documents from his folder. But the AN columnist stopped him with a prickly question:

In the book by Yuri Ivanovich Drozdov “Fiction is excluded. Notes of the head of illegal intelligence of the KGB of the USSR" it is mentioned that "former American intelligence officers" in the heat of frankness threw out the phrase: "You are good guys, guys! We know that you have had successes that you have the right to be proud of. But the time will come when you will gasp when you find out (if it is declassified) what kind of agents the CIA and State Department had at your top.” Why did the American department of Soviet counterintelligence miss it?

The colonel frowned:

Nowadays it’s fashionable to blame all the dogs on us. They say they missed the traitors and allowed the collapse of the USSR.

Isn't that right?

Not this way! - Yuri Anatolyevich’s heavy fist fell on the fragile kitchen table. “We didn’t work in a private shop, where we could work according to the principle: I can do whatever I want.” We have shoulder straps on our shoulders and we obey orders. The KGB was strictly prohibited from conducting operational developments of the leaders of the party and state.

But information was leaked about the so-called interns of the American Columbia University. Even some newspapers wrote about Gorbachev’s South Korean dollars. Have you been sitting idly by?

We successfully worked against the Moscow stations of the SIS and the CIA. This was our task. Our charges in Moscow did not contact agents of influence or, as they are now bashfully called in foreign intelligence services, “non-traditional sources.” Foreign visits were enough for this.

Yuri Anatolyevich explained that the so-called unconventional sources are especially confidential contacts of American intelligence (which also acts on behalf of the State Department). In essence, those who make these contacts, and do not need to know that they are dealing with the CIA, do not have to be absolutely obedient puppets to their masters: acting in favor of American goals, they primarily pursue their own selfish interests.

It is not at all necessary to establish direct agent relations with traitors in the highest echelons of power, as with intelligence “clients”. In many cases, you can resort to camouflage by assigning your “non-traditional sources” the roles of consultants, experts, business partners, etc. It is important that they have a personal interest in maintaining contacts - it must be skillfully directed in the right direction. A purely monetary or material interest is not necessary - it could be political plans, ambitions for power or prestige, the interests of relatives.

The CIA embassy station in Moscow was strictly forbidden to make contact with such agents of influence; they worked with them only when they traveled outside the country - in the safest conditions. Such “unconventional sources” are much more valuable and dangerous than any spy.

Reference

Krasilnikov Rem Sergeevich graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations. In 1949, after graduating from MGIMO, he began serving in the state security agencies of the USSR, where over 43 years of service he worked his way up from an assistant detective officer to the head of the 1st department of the 2nd Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor and the Red Banner, numerous medals, as well as departmental insignia. Including - “Honorary State Security Officer”.

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