Dash between subject and predicate. Lesson summary in the Russian language on the topic “Dash between subject and predicate” (8th grade) Lesson on dash between subject and predicate 8

The lesson “Dashes between subjects and predicates” is devoted to the peculiarities of Russian punctuation. The teacher will talk in detail about cases of placing a dash and about cases when this punctuation mark should not be placed between the subject and predicate.

Topic: Two-part sentences. Main members of the proposal

Lesson: Dash between subject and predicate

Dash- this is a punctuation mark.

In Russian punctuation it is used to indicate pauses between words (parts of a sentence); to emphasize intonation (caused by the emotionality of the statement) in speech; between the subject and the predicate in place of the missing connective; to highlight direct speech and introductory words; to separate a coordinating conjunction with an emphasized opposition.

There are several cases when, for the intonational-logical division of a phrase A dash must be placed between the subject and the predicate.

1. Textbook: Russian language: textbook for 8th grade. general education institutions / T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M.T. Baranov, L.A. Trostentsova and others - M.: Education, OJSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2008.

2. Complete academic reference book edited by V.V. Lopatina ().

Which sentences need a dash?

1. The picturesque people of India (I. Goncharov).

2. This officer is no match for you (K. Fedin).

3. Loneliness in creativity is a difficult thing (A. Chekhov).

4. The Ussuri tiger is not a fairy tale at all (L. Martynov).

5. An amazing thing is a dream (I. Turgenev).

6. Of course, it is a great art to wait (L. Sobolev).

7. Twenty years is a good thing (K. Simonov).

8. It’s very unbearable to move (I. Goncharov).

9. I am an honest person and never give compliments (A. Chekhov).

10. This is Zverkov’s house (A. Chekhov).

11. Without you, I am a star without light. Without you I am a creator without a world (V. Bryusov).

12. Arousing hearts to fight is the best destiny of a singer (Kondyrev).

13. The writer’s job is to resist suffering with all his might, with all his talent. The artist’s job is to create joy (K. Paustovsky).

14. Landscape is not an accessory to prose and not a decoration (K. Paustovsky).

Lesson summary of the Russian language in 8th grade: “Dash between subject and predicate”

The purpose of the lesson:

deepen students' knowledge about the rules of punctuation that regulate the placement of a dash between the subject and the predicate.

Lesson type: practical lesson.

Equipment: projector,

PC,

interactive board.

Progress of the Russian language lesson in 8th grade:

I. Organizational moment

U: Hello, guys! Sit down.

II . Teacher's opening speech

T: Today we are conducting a practical lesson.

You will complete tasks in the worksheets that are on your desks (sign them, please) and independently monitor your knowledge and skills on the topic of the lesson, that is, evaluate yourself. Record the results of your work in the “Evaluation Sheet”. Be objective.

Task 1. Terminological dictation

Let's remember the basic linguistic terms we studied in the “Syntax and Punctuation” section. Goal: Knowledge of terms is necessary for successful learning of the material. The first task is terminological dictation.

In the worksheets, there is space under number 1 to write down terms.

1. A section of grammar that studies the structure and meaning of syntactic units. (Syntax)

2. 1. A set of punctuation marks used in written speech. 2. A collection of rules for their arrangement. (Punctuation)

3. A word or group of words, grammatically formed and having semantic and intonation completeness (Sentence)

4. Unity of subject and predicate (Base of the sentence)

5. Elements of writing , performing auxiliary functions of dividing (highlighting) semantic segments text , sentences, phrases, words (Punctuation marks)

Let's check how you coped with the terminology dictation.

……, read all the terms you wrote down.

Conclusion: So, we have repeated the basic linguistic terms that are necessary when studying the “Syntax and Punctuation” section.

III . Updating knowledge about the offer

1. U: Before moving on to the topic of the lesson, let us remember what a sentence is and what are its characteristics as a syntactic unit?

Define this concept.

A: Offer - a word or group of words that are grammatically formed and have semantic and intonation completeness.

The proposal has the following features:

1) has a grammatical basis;

2) expresses a complete thought;

3) characterized by semantic completeness;

4) is a unit of communication.

2. Formulating the topic and purpose of the lesson

1) Let's continue working.

Task 2

After completing the second task, we will formulate the topic of today's lesson.

Prove that you have sentences in front of you, add the missing punctuation marks, and graphically explain their placement (emphasize the grammatical basis of the sentence). Goal: Determine what is special about these proposals.

The Word is the spiritual life of the people. (A. Voznesensky)

Learning is always useful. (Proverb)

Language is a friend to all knowledge and all nature. (G. Derzhavin)

A: Yes, we have sentences before us, since they have a grammatical basis - NAME, are characterized by intonation completeness - at the end there is a period, narrative sentences.

The structure is simple sentences.

W: What is their feature?

A: Conclusion: In all sentences, a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate.

U: We know that the most important feature of a sentence is the presence of a predicative (grammatical) basis.

Did you guess while completing the task what the topic of the lesson was?

A: I guess dash between subject and predicate.

Write the topic on the worksheets.

T: Now let’s formulate the purpose of the lesson:

A: Remember and consolidate the rule of placing a dash between the main parts of a sentence.

(To deepen students’ knowledge about the rules of punctuation that regulate the placement of a dash between the subject and the predicate).

Before formulating the rule, tell me, what is the difference between a DASH and a HYPHEN?

ABOUT: DASH - punctuation mark, hyphen - spelling.

Now let's turn to the history of the punctuation mark dash. I give the floor to an expert in the Russian language.
A: Punctuation marks appeared much later than writing was invented. In Russia, the punctuation system was formed only after the spread of printing.

By the end of the XVIII century, another punctuation mark appeared - the dash

The dash goes back to the French "dash". As soon as this sign was not called:

Black ink stripe

Silent,

Long line

horizontal line,

Stop sign

This sign was first used by N. Karamzin

U: Let me remind you that Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin -an outstanding historian, the largest Russian writer of the era of sentimentalism, the creator of the multi-volume work “History of the Russian State”, author of the story “Poor Liza”.
So, a dash, like other punctuation marks, helps to understand the structure of a sentence, and therefore the meaning of what is written.

The dash performs many functions, today we are talking about the dash, which separates the subject and predicate.

IV . Completing assignments on the topic

1) Task 3

U: Let's move on to the third task. Read the sentences carefully.

Underline the grammatical basics of all sentences; indicate how the subject and predicate are expressed. Explain the use of a dash between the subject and the predicate and its absence. Place missing punctuation marks where necessary. Goal: After completing the task, formulate a rule.

EXAMINATION

1. Name sentence 4 (1 st.)

proposal 4 (second st.)

proposal 3 (first column)

sentence 1 (second article)

sentence 2 (first article)

proposal 2 (second st.)

U: Conclusion: So, what rule do we follow when placing a dash between the main members of a sentence?
A: A dash is placed between the subject and predicate if the grammatical basis includes nouns, infinitives and numerals in different combinations without an auxiliary part.

U: In what cases is placing a dash unacceptable?

A: A dash is usually not placed if the predicate contains a negative particle, if the predicate contains comparative particles like, as if, as if; if the subject is expressed by a pronoun; if the predicate is expressed by an adjective, if there are v. words between the subject and the predicate.

We repeated the punctuation rule “Using a dash between the subject and the predicate.”Practical exercises and the algorithm presented in the information cards will help us consolidate this rule.

2) Working with the algorithm

Task 4 Game “Third wheel”

Let's play. Read the sentences carefully. Emphasize the grammatical basics, add missing punctuation marks, find the extra third, explain why.
1. Say a kind word and give a stick in the hand.
2. Mahogany is rare, the red word is apt.

3. A truthful word is power.

Check - 1 person

3) U: We continue preparing for the main state exam.

Let's move on to the fifth task “Elements of text analysis”

Read the text. Determine the theme, the main idea?

1) Book - a life-giving source that gives a person knowledge and strength, happiness and purity, youth and enthusiasm. 2) A book is life, truly beautiful, amazing, swift and restless. 3) Seeing this beauty is the duty of each of us. 4) Our task is to learn to understand works of art that reveal to us the secrets of the past and the future, surprising us with the greatness of the present. (His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus')

Theme is a book that gives knowledge to a person.

The main idea is to learn to understand fiction.

Now add the missing punctuation marks and insert the missing letters.

EXAMINATION

T: Complete the test, which is built in the OGE format.

Test

1. Indicate the meaning in which the word “life-giving” is used in the text:

1. helping

2. regenerative

3. useful

4. healing

2. Write out the grammatical basis from sentence No. 4

the task is to learn to understand

3. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which separate definitions are expressed by participial phrases

___________________

4. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which the subject and predicate are expressed by noun.

___________________

5. Indicate the number of the sentence where the subject is expressed as a verb and the predicate as a noun.

___________________

Peer review.

Raise your hands who got 5, 4.

T: Today in the lesson we received new information about the punctuation sign - the dash; while completing assignments, we reinforced the previously learned rule of placing a dash between the subject and the predicate; evaluating ourselves, we tried to be objective.

Dash between subject and predicate

Goldaevskaya Valentina Anatolevna

Russian language, 8th grade

To the textbook: Russian language. 8th grade. Trostentsova L.A., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. M.: 2014. - 272 p.

Topic in the textbook: § 22. Dash between subject and predicate

Not Right?

A) Excessive pride is a sign of an insignificant soul.

B) To rush is to harm the business.

C) Dewdrops on the leaves are like pure diamonds.

D) Five five is twenty five.

Which sentence has a punctuation error?

A) For me, living means working.

B) A lazy man and a playboy are two siblings.

C) In this city I am an inconspicuous wanderer.

D) Honor, decency, conscience are the most important human qualities.

In what sentence?No punctuation error?

A) To live means to feel, think, suffer.

B) This bright light is like a golden shower.

C) Our region is rich and beautiful.

D) Painting is not a means of enrichment.

In which sentence is there a dash?Right?

A) The winter forest is like a fairy tale.

B) The most difficult thing for a person is the struggle with himself.

C) Linguistics is the science that studies language.

D) A bad friend is no help.

5. Which answer option?right need to

A) Pushkin’s poetry is like the song of a bird in a grove.

B) Shoot at a stone - only lose arrows.

C) The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life!

D) Today is a day as transparent as crystal.

ANSWERS: 1) A, B 2) B, C 3) B, D 4) A, G

6. Which answer option?right proposals are indicated in whichneed to put a dash between subject and predicate?

A) Living on Earth is a great pleasure.

B)Clouds are like quaint castles.

C) The duty of every citizen is to love his country.

ANSWERS: 1) A, B 2) A, B 3) B, C 4) A, D

7. Which answer option?right

A) I am your new neighbor.

B) A person without a homeland is a poor person.

C) Talking to you is just a waste of words.

D) Every person is the Universe.

ANSWERS: 1) A, B 2) A, D 3) B, D 4) B, C

8. Which answer option?right Are there sentences in which you do NOT need to put a dash between the subject and the predicate?

A) Three times three is nine.

B) She is a fifth grade student.

B) An affectionate word is like a spring day.

D) Entering Moscow State University is the goal of his life.​

ANSWERS: 1) A, D 2) B, D 3) A, C 4) B, C

9. Which answer?right proposals are indicated in whichNo punctuation error?

A) Elbrus is the peak of the Caucasus Mountains.

B) Your speeches are like a sharp knife.

C) The arrival of cranes is a sign of spring.

D) To cure a patient is the task of an experienced doctor.

ANSWERS: 1) A, B 2) A, D 3) B, D 4) B, C

10. Which answer option?right proposals are indicated in whichadmitted punctuation error?

A) Mars is a planet named after the god of war.

B) To promise means to do what is promised.

C) The forest is like a painted tower.

D) Each maple leaf on the water is like a small boat.

ANSWERS: 1) A, B 2) B, D 3) B, C 4) C, D

11. What a proposalNot

A) Our duty is to defend the fortress until our last breath.

B) Ah, beauty is a terrible force!

C) Helping parents is the responsibility of children.

D) The cheese fell out - there was a trick with it.

12. What a proposalNot fits the rule “Dash between subject and predicate”?

A) Three times five is fifteen.

B) The surest sign is the smoke of a fire.

B) A ray of sun will fall on the grass – the grass will burst into flames like emeralds and pearls.

D) Talking too much will only harm the cause.

KEYS TO THE TEST

Between the subject (subject group) and the predicate (predicate group), of all punctuation marks, only a dash is used. placed in place of the missing ligament.

Dash between subject and predicate PUT:

Dash between subject and predicate NOT PUT:

Dash in an incomplete sentence

In incomplete sentences, a dash is usually placed when a predicate or other members of the sentence are omitted, if they are restored from the text of the sentence itself, most often complex: For several seconds, the shepherd boy and Metelitsa looked straight into each other's eyes: Metelitsa - with feigned indifference, the shepherd boy - with fear, sympathy and pity . (A. Fadeev) To the north of the city the Germans reached the Volga, to the south they were approaching it . (K. Simonov)

"Dash between subject and predicate"

Lesson objectives:

educational

Deepen knowledge about the conditions for placing a dash between the subject and predicate

Practice the skill of correctly placing a dash between the subject and the predicate

Practice the skill of correctly highlighting grammatical stems

Learn to work with State Examination tasks

developing

To develop students’ ability to apply acquired knowledge in various situations

Develop speech, thinking, spelling and punctuation vigilance, enrich vocabulary

raising

Create students' interest in the subject

Instill a love for the artistic word

Improve communication skills

Equipment: interactive whiteboard, presentation, task cards

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

During the classes

Organizing time. 1.5 min. (welcome, checking those present, checking students’ readiness for the lesson)

Look at your neighbor on your desk, smile at him. Hello, please sit down. We are starting our lesson, I wish you all success.

Working with an epigraph. (slide 1)

Check out the epigraph for today's lesson:

Don't be afraid to admit your mistakes, the more

you admit it, the less you do later.

Folk wisdom

How do you understand the meaning of the epigraph?

Try to be careful today and make fewer mistakes.

II. Updating basic knowledge.

Speech warm-up. Name the phrases in which the language norm is violated. Homework survey (about subject and predicate, types of predicate). (slide 2)

Syntax minute. Find the grammatical basis in these sentences, indicate how the subjects and predicates are expressed (slide 3)

Consider the last sentence, please explain what sign is between the subject and the predicate? Children answer, Now open your notebooks, write down the number in them, great job.

III. Motivation for learning activities.- We know that there is no comma between the subject and the predicate. But in some cases, a punctuation mark is still placed between the subject and the predicate. But which one? guess the riddle:

I'm a minus in math

But the sign is different in grammar.

I know the kids

My name is... dash.

4. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson (children determine it themselves). Try to determine the topic of our lesson yourself and formulate the main goals( slide 4). While the children are taking notes in their notebooks, the teacher gives historical information.

Historical referenceabout the punctuation mark dash.

The period can rightfully be considered the ancestor of Russian punctuation. It is already found in monuments of ancient Russian writing. It is no coincidence that this word (or its root) was included in the name of such signs as semicolons, colons, and ellipses.

The most common punctuation mark in the Russian language is the comma. This word is found in the 15th century. The names of most punctuation marks in the Russian language are originally Russian, and the term “punctuation marks” itself goes back to the verb punctuate – “to stop, detain in motion.” The names of only two signs were borrowed: the hyphen (dash) - from it. Divis (from Latin divisio - separately) and dash (line) - from French tiret, tїrer (to pull)

The dash [-] refers to later signs. There is an opinion that it was introduced into use by the Russian writer and historian Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. However, it has been proven that the dash [-] sign called “silent” was first described in 1797 in the “Russian Grammar”.

The dash has multiple meanings. It is used in simple sentences, in sentences with direct speech, in the design of dialogue lines, in incomplete sentences, in complex sentences. Because of its ambiguity, poets and writers love the dash, turning it into the main means of author's punctuation.

5. Work with theoretical material “Dash between subject and predicate” (slide 5-7)

Studying theoretical material in groups using a textbook.

Tasks for group 1

Working with the table “A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate” (exercise 114)

Tasks for group 2

Working with theoretical material “There is no dash between the subject and the predicate” (exercise 114)

Students ask each other questions in groups based on theoretical information. Then one student from group 1 (a strong student) tells in what cases a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate; one student from group 2 tells in which cases a dash is not placed between the subject and the predicate. If necessary, the team helps.

(When is the dash placed?

If P and S are expressed Existent or Numbered in im.p.

If both main terms are expressed Undefined shape Gl.

If one main term is expressed Undefined form Gl, and the other - Noun.

When the predicate is preceded by a demonstrative particle THIS MEANS then a dash is placed in front of this particle.

If logical stress falls on the subject.

When is a dash not usually used?

The predicate is joined by a conjunction HOW or other comparative unions

If the subject is expressed PERSONAL PLACES.

If the predicate has a negative. particle Not