Physical education health groups. Special children's health group for physical education at school - are physical education lessons conducted for children of special groups “A” and “B”? How do they find out?

The compulsory curriculum at school includes physical education classes. Such lessons are conducted in order to ensure the full development of children, both mentally and physically. Among other things, physical education classes provide an opportunity to keep the body in good shape and maintain health, due to the need to spend the majority of time in a sedentary position at a desk.

For the majority of children, physical education is safe. However, there is always a whole list of schoolchildren who are prohibited from being exposed to certain stresses on the body. They are the ones included in physical education classes. Let's find out who belongs to this category of students and how they are formed in educational institutions.

What factors can influence the deterioration of children's health?

There are a number of things that can negatively affect a child:

• the presence of bad heredity;
• negative microclimate in the family;
• poor living conditions;
• insufficient rest;
• negative sanitary and hygienic conditions in an educational institution or at home.

Criteria for dividing into health groups

The main indicator that is taken into account when deciding to enroll a student in a special group for physical education is the presence of deviations in the functioning of the determining systems of the body. Classes in a special medical group can also be prescribed for children who suffer from chronic illnesses.

A special category also includes children whose bodies are unable to fully resist certain environmental factors. Children who have an insufficient level of physical development for their age can get into medical groups for physical education.

Baby health assessment

The determination of the medical group for physical education is as follows:

1. Students who do not suffer from chronic illnesses and whose level of physical development corresponds to age standards should be able to easily complete the program in physical education lessons.
2. Children with slow physical development or the most minor deviations in health are considered as potential candidates for enrollment in special groups.
3. Medical groups for physical education include students with delays in physical development who are in good health. This may also include children who have a temporary loss of ability to work and need to limit their loads for a certain period.
4. Patients with chronic illnesses who are observed in hospitals are enrolled in special groups for classes according to an individual program.

Medical groups

As you can see, the distribution of students into separate categories for attending physical education lessons occurs according to an assessment of their state of health and general preparedness. Medical groups for physical education are:

• basic;
• preparatory;
• special.

In these medical groups, children are offered to perform varying amounts of work. There are also differences in the intensity of physical activity.

A special category of students includes children who are enrolled in a special group. Based on an assessment of their health status, they can be assigned to a physical education or medical subgroup.

Main group

Students who are assigned to this category are required to fully comply with the requirements that are presented in physical education lessons. Here, teachers offer students work with the maximum permissible intensity of workload, based on certain age characteristics.

During classes, children are required to perform a whole range of exercises:

• general labor;
• gymnastics;
• sports and applied;
• gaming

The main medical groups for physical education at school include students with high and average levels of physical fitness, as well as children with temporary or insignificant deviations in health. Excluded from this category are children who, during classes, show an inability of the cardiovascular system to cope with loads that meet the standard requirements of the generally accepted program.

Preparatory group

Preparatory medical groups for physical education include children who are required to complete the program in accordance with doctors’ instructions based on the results of a medical examination. As in the previous case, students are offered the whole range of exercises. However, their intensity can be reduced by the decision of the doctor, who is guided by the conclusions made during repeated medical examinations.

Preparatory medical groups for physical education in preschool educational institutions and secondary schools are formed from students who have a level of physical fitness below average and do not have serious illnesses. Also, children with an average and high level who currently suffer from health problems can be enrolled here.

Special group

This category of students includes children who need classes according to special, individual programs due to health problems. According to the generally accepted requirements of medical supervision, such schoolchildren are never completely exempted from physical education, although a similar practice occurs in domestic educational institutions. It is this group of students that urgently needs well-planned physical activity, which contributes to the restoration of health.

As noted above, in a special group, children are often divided into physical education or therapeutic subgroups. In the first case, students can study in the same conditions with classmates, but fulfill the requirements of an individual program.

As for the treatment subgroups, they are formed from schoolchildren who suffer from quite serious illnesses and have significant deviations in physical development. Such children are prescribed extremely limited performance of intense, complex exercises. In some cases, physical education lessons are conducted for them under the strict supervision of a teacher or qualified medical specialist. As an alternative to physical training in an educational institution, children are sometimes prescribed visits to special dispensaries, where they are treated according to a special rehabilitation program.

Finally

Dividing children into separate categories when engaging in physical education in an educational setting is a common practice. With noticeable progress in improving health, children can be transferred to general groups. However, only based on the results of special examinations or on the recommendations of doctors. According to generally accepted requirements, transfer of students from one medical group to another is possible only after a comprehensive assessment of their health status at the end of the academic quarter.

There is nothing to be afraid of. This does not mean that the child is sick or disabled. This group is prescribed if doctors suspect that the health of a particular child is weaker than standard.

The standards for the preparatory group in physical education are somewhat lower than for others. For example, if the whole group must run a long distance in a limited time period, then for children to whom restrictive standards are applied, it is important to simply cope with the distance, and sometimes its duration is reduced.

The physical education preparatory group in the kindergarten also requires a special attitude towards children: teachers must ensure that the child does not overexert himself. Education that would be detrimental and cause damage to health is unacceptable.

What is it about

Most often, the restriction for physical education is the preparatory group. But this is not the only option. There are several types of exemptions, differing from each other in their features. However, to understand the essence of the restrictions, you first need to consider the subject. In relation to what is the preparatory group for physical education being introduced?

Education and culture in this aspect are an element of the school curriculum that is necessarily included in the strategy of raising children, regardless of the focus or specialization of the educational institution. Having graduated from school and entered the university, a young man who had limitations in the past will again receive a preparatory group in physical education, because universities also have such a point in the educational program. It is also typical for mid-level, professional institutions - in a word, it is used everywhere.

Is it necessary?

Statistics show that recently there are more and more students in the preparatory physical education group. Children themselves are often not at all happy about this subject of the educational program, and even parents have doubts about it. This became the reason for considering the initiative to abolish discipline. Having examined the issue from different angles, legislators came to the conclusion that at the moment physical education is necessary, and it would be unreasonable to abolish it.

As experts say, you should not expect the subject to be excluded in the future. If a preparatory group for physical education is appointed at a preschool educational institution, school, or university, you will have to follow the rules: mastering the program is necessary if there are no contraindications to this. It is worth noting that inclusion in the group in which reduced standards apply is not due to contraindications to sports activity, but only to possible danger under increased loads. At the same time, certain regular training is necessary for the full development of the child’s body.

Is it possible or not?

How to get into a preparatory group for physical education according to the Federal State Educational Standard or get a certificate about the impossibility of playing sports as part of the educational process? This is only available after undergoing a specialized examination in a public hospital. Doctors, having examined the child’s health, determine the level of physical activity acceptable for him. If the indicators are below the norm, a decision is made to be assigned to a special or preparatory group. Physical education in kindergarten, school, and university is organized by educators and teachers in such a way that no one in the group, regardless of the characteristics of the body, feels disadvantaged.

A conclusion on the state of health is drawn up by a doctor or health worker employed in an educational institution. The doctor issues a certificate intended to be provided at the place of study, indicating the rationale for inclusion in a special or preparatory group. Physical education in kindergarten, school, vocational and higher educational institutions will be taught to this child in accordance with medical indications.

What is more common?

For a fairly large percentage of children, doctors recommend physical education classes in the preparatory group, but being classified as a special group is much less common. Such a medical certificate is not a reason to completely exclude physical education from the educational program for a child, but only a basis for applying reduced standards to him, while the classes themselves remain the same as for everyone else. The exception is specific features of the body, regarding which the doctor clearly states in the medical certificate: this cannot be done. Then physical education classes in the preparatory group are subject to medical instructions.

In addition to special and preparatory groups, the legislation also introduced basic and exercise therapy groups. The first includes all students who have no restrictions regarding sports activity, and the second is given to children for whom physical education is prohibited. Such patients have to regularly visit the clinic, where, under the supervision of doctors, they engage in some type of physical activity. In an educational institution, a student who has the appropriate certificate is immediately given credit for the discipline.

Is there a difference?

When planning physical education for the preparatory group, the teacher takes into account that there are very few differences for such students in comparison with those classified in the main category. There are concessions regarding tests and standards: you don’t have to take them. But all other classes, that is, training, the participants of such a group undergo on the same basis as absolutely healthy children.

As practice shows, the division into four groups is not taken into account in all educational institutions. With exercise therapy, this is quite easy to explain: there are very few children belonging to this category, and the grounds for inclusion are serious. Not every school, middle or higher level institution has people assigned to exercise therapy. But regarding preparatory and special, they often do not make any distinctions; they divide students into only two categories: the main group and the one to which special requirements must be applied. And it turns out that the teacher, taking into account what is not allowed for the preparatory group in physical education, applies to this category not only the restrictions inherent to it, but also those indicated for the special category, that is, more serious.

How to evaluate?

What should a preparatory physical education group not do? First of all, pass the standards at a generally accepted level. This rightly gives rise to doubts: how then to evaluate the activities of students? After all, groups are groups, and you still have to give a pass or fail, the final grade for a quarter, half a year or a year.

At the moment, the specifics of this issue are discussed in a letter issued by the Ministry of Education, issued in 2003. It indicates the presence of a basic, preparatory, and special category, mentions differences in educational programs, diversity in the structure of classes and limitations in volume. Lawmakers paid special attention to the level of program development and methods for assessing this fact.

And what is said?

In accordance with this letter, it is customary to include children who are physically insufficiently well developed, as well as those with poor training and health deviations, but not significant ones, into the preparatory group. The training program for this category of trainees corresponds to the basic one. Restrictions are imposed only on the intensity and volume of loads. In some cases, such restrictions are introduced for a short period of time.

To assess performance, it is necessary to apply general principles, that is, those that apply to the main group. The teacher’s task is to ensure that students do not make movements contraindicated by doctors. When forming estimated indicators for the reporting time period, a decision is made based on current marks. The most important are the grades obtained based on the results of mastering a certain topic. The assessment for the year is made by analyzing the indicators of six months and quarters.

If the doctor said so, it’s necessary

When a doctor issues a certificate to a child confirming his enrollment in a preparatory physical education group, he indicates what should not be done in the document and explains in words in more detail and intelligibly. Surprisingly, not only children, but also their parents, as well as teachers, do not always pay enough attention to this. You should be aware: if doctors have noted contraindications, restrictions, and the time allowed for classes, you must follow these rules so as not to encounter a deterioration in the child’s condition. The groups should not be confused: whichever is stated in the certificate is the same. Preparatory education is indicated - this is not a reason to panic and completely prohibit the child from appearing in physical education, because the lack of thematic education negatively affects health, future opportunities and even self-awareness.

The selection of the optimal group for the physical education program is carried out before the start of training at the institution. Every modern child has a personal card in the clinic to which he is assigned. The document indicates which group it is assigned to.

How do they find out?

Assignment to a specific group is possible only when the child is examined by a qualified pediatrician. The doctor evaluates the medical history, current health indicators, studies the general condition, on the basis of which he formulates conclusions about assignment to a certain group. When making a decision in favor of a special one, it is necessary to immediately describe the rationale, indicate the diagnosis that provoked such a conclusion, and also describe the disturbances in the functioning of the body, characterizing them on a generally accepted scale of degrees. Some special cases require a medical commission to make the final decision.

From year to year, the task of the child and parents is to undergo confirmatory measures to extend the received status or adjust it in favor of a more relevant current status. They change the group if regular examinations show deterioration or improvement in health.

Papers and rules

As stated above, the preparatory and main groups study together. The difference between these children is only in the standards applied to them and the obligations to fulfill them, and the intensity of classes and volume are also adjusted.

When assigned to a special group, the child and his parents must know what is required for such a category. By the way, the very process of debugging the physical education system in relation to a special group requires the issuance of an internal school order signed by the director. It regulates who is included in the special group. Additionally, it is possible to form a team of specialists who travel to determine the composition of a group of students studying in a separate program. For this category, it is necessary to organize 2-3 half-hour classes weekly. The teacher’s task is to prevent any loads that are prohibited for a particular student.

Who goes where: main group

In order to understand on what grounds they can be assigned to different groups, and also to determine how correct the assignment to a specific one was, it is worth taking a closer look at what the conditions for inclusion in all categories are. For example, the main one includes children characterized by:

• absence of health problems;
• mild violations.

The latter usually include:

• overweight;
• dyskinesia;
• mild allergic reactions;

What is possible?

Based on being assigned to the main category, the child will have to pass the standards required by the program and participate in the physical education program, completing it in full. Additionally, you can engage in sports sections, take part in competitive events, including Olympiads, tournaments, and hikes. Children belonging to the main group can undergo an additional education program in specialized institutions: Children's and Youth Sports School, Youth Sports School.

Some health characteristics impose restrictions on specific types of activity, but are not a contraindication for inclusion in the main group for the school physical education program. For example, water sports are prohibited for those suffering from a perforated eardrum, while rowing, cycling, and boxing are prohibited for those with a round back. Myopia and astigmatism are considered contraindications for boxing, mountain skiing, motorcycle riding, as well as weightlifting and diving. As a rule, the child and his parents are aware of the developmental pathology or health problem, and the doctor formulates recommendations regarding physical activity that is prohibited in a particular case.

It seems possible, but it seems not

Preparatory school includes children classified in the second group due to health reasons. Statistics show that currently every tenth student belongs to this category, and often the frequency is even higher. If a child is physically weak, his health is characterized by morphofunctional abnormalities, and there is a risk of developing specific pathologies, it is necessary to undergo a simplified physical education program. Children who have been diagnosed with chronic diseases during the period of remission are considered preparatory. Duration - up to five years (usually).

Enrollment in the preparatory group allows classes in accordance with the regular physical education program, but some exercises and types of training will have to be excluded. For some children, specialists may allow them to pass standards and take part in events. In the absence of such permission, such physical activity is prohibited.

It is forbidden!

If a child is assigned to the preparatory group, he or she cannot participate in competitions unless specifically instructed by a doctor. A categorical ban is imposed on long runs, numerous repetitions of exercises, and high-intensity loads.

The teacher is required to select a set of exercises for students assigned to the preparatory group. It is important to take into account the specifics of each specific case, based on information from the medical record, which indicates possible contraindications. The doctor, when issuing a certificate for enrollment in the preparatory group, indicates in the document the time frame within which the child can be transferred to the main group.

What is allowed?

You need to understand that in the absence of physical education, the child’s development can also go wrong. Based on this, recommendations have been developed regarding constant activity for those assigned to the preparatory group. Open physical education classes and regular lessons are associated with the need to provide the following elements of classes:

• walking (instead of running);
• alternating breathing exercises and complex exercises;
• calm games that do not involve sudden movements;
• long pauses to allow you to rest.

Medical health groups for physical education at school

What are children's health groups for physical education? If you ask this question to parents of schoolchildren, as well as future first-graders, there will not be many clear, clear answers.

On the one hand, this is good! This means that everything is fine with the children’s health, and the question is simply not relevant. But on the other hand, no one is immune from various health problems. And then parents risk being completely unprepared for problems with physical education.

But problems appear, as evidenced by the huge number of messages and questions on this topic on various Internet forums. Therefore, I propose to deal with this right now.

Let's immediately understand that a health group and a medical health group for physical education are two different things.

Child health groups

In accordance with Appendix No. 2 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 1346 n, the health of children is assessed according to the following criteria:

chronic diseases (whether they exist or not);

state of the body systems (respiratory, excretory, endocrine, etc.);

the body's resistance to external influences (cold, heat, irritants, etc.);

physical development.

First, the doctor assesses the child's health condition. And then assigns him to one of five groups.

First

The child is healthy.

Physical development is within the age norm. There are no physical disabilities.

Second

These are kids:

who do not have chronic diseases, but have any functional disorders (an internal organ does not function correctly, and the causes of these disorders lie outside this organ);

those recovering from moderate and severe illnesses;

with delayed physical development (short stature, increased or decreased body weight, etc.);

often suffering from acute respiratory infections;

who have physical disabilities resulting from injuries or operations, but all organs and systems of the body function normally.

These are kids:

with chronic diseases. But these diseases are in remission (disappearance of disease symptoms) with rare exacerbations, in which the functions of organs and systems of the body are preserved or compensated;

with physical disabilities resulting from injury or surgery. The functions of the organs and systems of the body are compensated. They are not limited in their ability to study and work.

These are kids:

suffering from chronic diseases. Active phase. Exacerbations are frequent. The functions of organs and systems of the body are preserved or compensated or not fully compensated;

with chronic diseases that are in remission, but with such dysfunction of organs and body systems that require maintenance treatment;

with physical disabilities resulting from injuries and operations in which the functions of the organs and systems of the body are not fully compensated. Opportunities for training and work are limited.

Fifth

These are kids:

with chronic diseases. The form is heavy. Remissions are rare, exacerbations are frequent. Presence of complications. The functions of the organs and systems of the body are not compensated. Requires ongoing treatment.

with physical disabilities resulting from injuries and operations, with impaired functions of organs and body systems. Significantly limited opportunities for training and work.

disabled people.

When a student goes to first grade, his medical record goes to school with him. It must indicate the physical education group. There are three of them: basic, preparatory, special.

Main

Children with the first and partly with the second group of health, physically and psychologically strong and developed, without diseases. Or having minor deviations in which physical activity is not prohibited, for example, slight excess weight, or minor allergic reactions.

They study according to the main program, pass the established standards, and can participate in various competitions and all kinds of sporting events.

Preparatory

Children with the second health group. They have a delay in physical development and therefore cannot study as intensively as their healthy colleagues, although they go to lessons with the class.

The teacher’s task is to select special sets of exercises that will not harm health. He selects them in accordance with the medical certificate, in which the attending physician must indicate what exactly the schoolchild should not do (somersault, swim, bend over, jump, etc.)

The certificate must also indicate the deadline for the transfer. After the certificate expires, the student automatically gets into the main group.

In order to subject such schoolchildren to tests in physical education, it is necessary to obtain a doctor’s permission. His permission will also be required in order to involve a student in participation in mass sports events.

Special

In order to transfer a student to a special group, the opinion of one attending physician is not enough. In this case, a commission (KEC) is assembled. The certificate is issued for a certain period.

The special group is divided into two more.

Special "A"

Children with the third health group. Those who have significant restrictions on physical activity. They cannot study with the class. For such children, schools should conduct separate physical education lessons and develop special programs. And classes should be taught by teachers or instructors who have undergone special training.

Such children are not allowed to attend sports clubs, participate in competitions and public sports events.

Special "B"

This includes children partially with the third and fourth health groups. They are allowed to attend theory classes at school. But the health risks of physical activity are so great that they don’t do physical education at school. That is, in essence, this is an exemption from school physical education lessons.

But no one is going to leave them completely without physical activity. They are recommended to engage in physical therapy exercises at medical institutions and physical education clinics, under the supervision of a physical therapy doctor. As well as additional classes at home using a specially designed set of exercises.

Well, children with the fifth health group are most often in medical institutions and for them the opportunity to engage in exercise therapy is extremely individual.

How are they graded?

Also an interesting question. Everything is clear, if a student is in the main group, then he passes the standards and on the basis of this he is given one grade or another.

And if in preparatory or special education, what then? After all, he cannot pass the standards like his completely healthy classmates. In this case, the teacher focuses on class attendance, quality of exercises, as well as theoretical knowledge. Textbooks on physical education, it turns out, exist.

The teacher may also ask you to prepare a project on some sports topic or healthy lifestyle, an essay, report or presentation. But the student cannot remain without a grade in physical education.

Well, that seems to be all, friends. Have questions? Ask them in the comments. We'll definitely figure it out together.

I wonder how you felt about physical education lessons when you were at school?

Exemption from physical education Physical education groups

With the start of the new school year, one of the most popular certificates among schoolchildren is exemption from physical education. Some schoolchildren (with the support of their parents) do not want to attend school physical education lessons, others cannot attend standard school physical education lessons for health reasons.

Exemption from physical education

And the Russian government is currently taking care of the physical education of the population, including schoolchildren. Through various laws, the state tries to ensure access to physical education and sports even for people with disabilities. Much, and sometimes even increased, attention is paid to school physical education lessons.

Therefore, today only an official medical document - a certificate - can exempt a student from physical education lessons. Exemption from physical education can only be temporary (maximum up to 1 year).

Pediatrician

The pediatrician alone has the right to exempt the child from physical education for 2 weeks - 1 month. Such an exemption is given to the child in a regular certificate after illness. After a common acute respiratory infection, a standard exemption from physical education is given for 2 weeks, after a more serious illness, for example, after a sore throat or pneumonia, for 1 month.

KEC

After some serious illnesses (hepatitis, tuberculosis, peptic ulcer), injuries (fractures, concussion) or operations, a longer release from physical education is required. Any exemption from physical education for more than 1 month is issued through the KEC. To obtain it, you need an extract from the hospital, with recommendations regarding physical education and (or) an entry in the outpatient card of a specialist in the child’s disease with relevant recommendations. The conclusion of the KEC (control and expert commission) is certified by three signatures: the attending physician, the head. the clinic, the chief physician and the round seal of the clinic, all information about the certificate is entered into the KEC journal.

Disabled children are usually exempted from physical education for a long time (for the entire school year), as a rule, those who have the right to home schooling. The approach to this issue is strictly individual and is decided jointly: by the attending physician specialist, parents, taking into account the wishes of the child. Some children are allowed physical education classes in a special or even preparatory group.

Even if a child is exempt from physical education for the entire period of schooling, the EEC certificate is updated annually.

Physical education groups

Long-term exemption from physical education is now rare and requires sufficient grounds. And the number of schoolchildren with health problems who cannot cope with the standard load in physical education lessons is growing every year. To select physical activity that matches the student’s health status, there are physical education groups.

Basic (I)

The main group is for healthy children and children with minor functional deviations that do not affect their physical development and physical fitness. The main group in medical and school documents is designated by the Roman numeral I. All schoolchildren are included in it if there are no entries in the child’s medical record recommending physical education classes in another group.

Preparatory (II)

The preparatory group, designated II, is for children with minor health problems and/or poor physical fitness. Classes in this group can be recommended by a doctor who specializes in the child’s illness. He is required to make a clear note with recommendations regarding school physical education in the child's outpatient record. The conclusion of the EEC is not required for classes in the preparatory group; one doctor’s signature and the stamp of the clinic are enough on the certificate. But a clear and specific entry with recommendations in the school certificate is necessary. This certificate is usually issued by a local pediatrician based on the recommendations of a medical specialist.

The diagnosis must be indicated, the period for which classes in the preparatory group are recommended (for the entire academic year, for half a year, for a quarter), and specific recommendations on what exactly the child needs to limit when doing physical education (physical education classes on the street or in the pool are not allowed, the child is not allowed to compete or pass certain standards; somersaults or jumps, etc. are not allowed)

A preparatory group for a child means that he will attend physical education classes along with everyone else, observing the restrictions specified in his certificate. It is better if the child himself knows which exercises he cannot do in physical education class. Upon expiration of the certificate, the child will automatically be in the main group.

Certificate form for classes in a preparatory physical education group

Special

A special group is a physical education group for children with serious health problems. A certificate defining a special physical education group for a child is issued through the KEC. Indications for a child’s classes in a special group may include diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary and other body systems. Those interested can familiarize themselves with an approximate list of these diseases (spec group ).

If you decide to issue a certificate for your child to participate in a special physical education group, you need to start by visiting a doctor who specializes in the child’s illness. The outpatient card must contain a note with clear recommendations. Next, the certificate is issued in the same way as an exemption from physical education, indicating its validity period (maximum for one academic year), three signatures of the EEC members and the round seal of the clinic.

Form for a certificate of a child’s activities in a special physical education group

Today, there are two special groups: Special “A” (group III) and Special “B” (group IV).

Special "A" (III)

Special group “A” or III physical education group includes children with chronic diseases in a state of compensation (not exacerbation).

In schools, classes in special group “A” are held separately from general physical education classes. Those. Your child will no longer attend PE with the class. But he will do physical education in a special group at another time (not always convenient).

Special group “A” usually brings together children with health problems from different classes. If there are a lot of such children at school, classes are held separately for elementary, middle and high school students; if there are few children, classes are held for everyone at once. The load and exercises for a child are always selected taking into account his illness. Such children do not participate in competitions and do not pass the standards. Upon expiration of the certificate, the child is automatically transferred to the main group. Parents need to ensure that it is updated in a timely manner.

Special "B" (IV)

Special group “B” or IV physical education group includes children with chronic diseases or health problems, including those of a temporary nature, in a state of subcompensation (incomplete remission or at the end of an exacerbation). Special group “B” means replacing physical education at school with physical therapy classes in a medical facility or at home. Those. in fact, this is an exemption from school physical education classes.

I draw the attention of parents that any certificates of physical education classes: exemption from physical education, certificates of classes in preparatory or special physical education groups must be updated at least once a year. If at the beginning of the school year the child does not bring a new certificate with the doctor’s recommendations regarding physical education, he automatically ends up in the main physical education group.

The appendices to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 1346n defining physical education groups can be viewed And

6.2. Concept of health groups and medical groups

In the Russian Federation, there is a system for early identification of children in need of therapy and further organization of their life activities. In particular, annual medical examinations of students make it possible to divide them into medical groups in accordance with four criteria:

The presence or absence of chronic diseases;

The nature of the functioning of the main functional systems of the body;

Degree of resistance to adverse effects;

The level of physical development and the degree of its harmony.

Health groups. In accordance with the specified criteria, the following health groups are distinguished:

Group 1 – healthy, normally developing, without functional abnormalities. This includes schoolchildren without chronic diseases, who were not ill or rarely ill during the observation period and who have normal, age-appropriate physical and neuro-psychological development. This group includes 20–25% of schoolchildren, and this content of the first group has not changed over the past 50 years. But now the characteristics of the health of these children are not entirely objective, since the first group most often includes those who simply have not been diagnosed, although they undoubtedly have reduced adaptive capabilities, i.e. they are in the "third state".

Group 2 – healthy, with functional or minor morphological deviations. These are schoolchildren who do not suffer from chronic diseases, but have some functional and morphological abnormalities, as well as schoolchildren who are often (four or more times a year) or for a long time (more than 25 days for one disease). This group has rather vague criteria, so assigning a particular schoolchild to it is often the competence (or incompetence) of the doctor.

Group 3 – patients in a compensated state: having chronic diseases or congenital pathology in a state of compensation with rare and mild exacerbations of a chronic disease without a pronounced disturbance in the general condition and well-being.

Group 4 – patients in a subcompensated state: having chronic diseases or congenital pathology in a state of subcompensation with disturbances in general condition and well-being after an exacerbation, with a protracted nature of convalescence after acute diseases.

Group 5 – patients in a decompensated state: with severe chronic diseases in a state of decompensation and with significantly reduced functional capabilities; as a rule, they do not attend general educational institutions, but are trained either in specialized schools or at home and are observed according to individual schemes.

A comprehensive assessment of health status and distribution into health groups is provided by a pediatrician.

Children and adolescents assigned to different groups require a differentiated approach in organizing physical education or physical therapy classes. Thus, for children of the first health group, educational, work and sports activities are organized without any restrictions in accordance with state physical education programs for the corresponding age category. Children of the second health group as a risk group need increased attention from doctors. It is necessary to carry out special hardening activities with them, exercise therapy, and diet therapy; They need to organize a rational lifestyle in accordance with their state of health. Children with the third, fourth and fifth health groups should be under constant medical supervision, their motor mode is limited by certain contraindications (but should be an obligatory part of their lifestyle), and the duration of rest and sleep is extended for them.

After being distributed into health groups, children recognized as fit to study in a general education school are divided into medical groups, membership in each of which determines the physical education regimen that best suits their health status. The correct distribution of children into medical groups for physical education is an important part of the work of a pediatrician and physical education teacher.

Distribution of schoolchildren by medical group carried out by a pediatrician on the basis of the “Regulations on medical control over the physical education of the population of the USSR. Order No. 826 dated 09.XI.1966.”

Based on data on the state of health, physical development and physical fitness of children, all students enrolled in state programs are divided into four groups: basic, preparatory, special and therapeutic physical education group.

To the main medical group include schoolchildren without deviations in health, as well as those with minor deviations with sufficient physical development.

For the preparatory group include children without deviations in health with insufficient physical development, as well as with minor deviations in health. The group with health problems includes students with chronic diseases. The largest population of this group consists of schoolchildren with focal infections of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, etc. Chronic tonsillitis (20–40% of students), dental caries (almost 90%), etc. are especially common. It is known that chronic foci of inflammation in the nasopharynx and oral cavity change the overall reactivity of the body, reduce its protective functions and natural resistance to infections. Such children often get sick during the period of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and influenza; they often have exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis, otitis, and sinusitis. The source of infection in the nasopharynx can provoke bronchitis, pneumonia, and their transition to a chronic form.

To a special medical group include schoolchildren with health conditions of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring limited physical activity or certain contraindications in the means of physical education used. The special medical group also includes schoolchildren suffering from other diseases due to which at this time it is necessary to significantly limit physical activity (after tuberculosis, with a significant lag in physical development and physical training, with acute gastrointestinal diseases with symptoms of exhaustion, five to six months after hepatocholecystitis, as well as viral hepatitis).

The contingent of a special medical group also includes schoolchildren for whom physical activity does not pose a danger, but they cannot engage in a general program due to defects of the musculoskeletal system: ankylosis, contractures, severe muscle atrophy, after traumatic injuries, chronic infectious polyarthritis, accompanied by limited mobility of joints with residual effects of poliomyelitis, as well as severe deformation of the spine of I – II degrees.

For schoolchildren in preparatory and special medical groups, a limitation is provided on the amount of physical activity, the degree of which depends on the health status of the student, his illness and other criteria for the state of the body. Thus, special medical groups are composed of students for whom physical activity received in physical education lessons is contraindicated or requires significant limitation. Therefore, physical education of schoolchildren of a special medical group is carried out according to a specially developed program that corresponds to the characteristics of the contingent involved in this medical group.

To the physical therapy group include children (most often belonging to the fourth and fifth health groups) who have certain severe health problems and are exempt from physical education at school. Such groups should work directly at medical institutions under the supervision of an appropriate specialist.

Thus, no child attending a general education institution should be completely exempt from physical education. If such a situation occurs, the doctor who made such a decision must bear responsibility for it.

In accordance with the above-mentioned Order of the Minister of Health of the USSR No. 826 dated November 9, 1966, to date, the distribution of schoolchildren into medical groups is carried out according to Table 13 below.

Table 13

Approximate indications for determining the medical group for certain health conditions in children and adolescents

It should be noted that the table below confirms once again: with rare exceptions, usually associated with acute conditions, there cannot be children who are completely exempt from physical education! This fully applies to those cases where when a child starts school after suffering an acute disease or condition (cold-infectious, injury, etc.). At the same time, the following are recommended for his release from physical education in the medical group in which he is constantly engaged (Table 14).

Table 14

Approximate timing for resuming physical activity after illness

The given periods relate only to physical education classes at school, but during these periods the student must engage in physical exercises according to physical therapy schemes directly under the supervision of an appropriate specialist and the attending physician.

Thus, in accordance with the results of medical examinations or (in acute conditions and after them) the conclusion of the attending physician, students are distributed into medical groups for physical education directly at school.

Physical education in medical groups. Physical education classes in medical groups directly in educational institutions are conducted according to appropriate programs.

Main group. Here classes are conducted according to the state physical education program in full, certain standards are required, classes in sports sections and participation in competitions are allowed. The result of successful completion of the program is an assessment determined by the relevant criteria.

Preparatory group. Classes are conducted according to the general physical education program, subject to a more gradual completion with a delay in passing control tests (standards) and standards for up to one year. Directly during classes, schoolchildren in this group need more careful monitoring by the physical education teacher and the medical worker of the educational institution. In addition to compulsory physical education lessons, classes in the general physical training section are recommended for such students. The final grade, unlike for schoolchildren in the main group, is primarily determined by the physical education teacher in accordance with the individual criteria established for this stage of education.

Special medical group. Classes are conducted according to a special program or certain types of state programs, the preparation period is extended, and the standards are replaced by the implementation of individual tasks. The main form and means of work of a special medical group are physical therapy classes.

Transfer from one group to another is made during the annual medical examination of schoolchildren. Transition from a special medical group to a preparatory group is possible subject to positive dynamics of treatment results and success in physical education.