Examples of exclamatory sentences in Russian. Exclamatory sentences in Russian

An exclamatory sentence is a sentence characterized by emotional coloring and increased expressiveness. Exclamatory sentences are distinguished by a specific intonation and timbre coloring; compare: Fire! We're on fire! They often contain interjections, particles, exclamatory pronominal words; compare: Well done! Oh, these are my helpers! That's what he told you! What a rain! What a scientist he is! Who didn't he ask?

Exclamatory sentences can be built according to special syntactic models with lost or weakened grammatical and lexical meanings of the components; compare: This motorcycle was given to you! Found time to dream! Many exclamatory sentences are characterized by reverse (inverse) word order; compare: My little head is gone! He will understand you! How sweet the south wind! In writing, an exclamation point is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Sentences of all communicative types can be used as exclamatory sentences: narrative, imperative and interrogative. In this case, the general content of the proposal is modified to one degree or another. In some cases, exclamation serves to express a high degree of attribute and enhance the degree of categoricalness of a statement or expression of will; compare: What a heavy rain! He will arrive tomorrow! Come back immediately! When did this happen! In other cases - with a different intonation - an exclamatory sentence can be understood in a meaning opposite to that conveyed by the literal meaning of the words.

Thus, affirmative narrative exclamatory sentences acquire a negative meaning or express the speaker’s negative attitude towards what is being communicated; compare: I'm going to get upset because of him!(=I won’t); She will go with you!(=won't go); You understand a lot!(=you don’t understand anything). A similar meaning of expressively colored negation can be expressed by interrogative non-negative sentences; compare: Why did he go there?(=there was no need to walk); What gardens these are!(= these are not gardens); Who needs it!(=no one needs); How do I know!(=I don’t know), while negative exclamatory sentences express an expressively colored statement; compare: Who doesn't know this!(=everyone knows); Where has he not been?(=been everywhere).

According to the degree of emotional coloring, sentences are classified into two types: exclamatory and non-exclamatory. The ability to correctly determine which one is suitable for a particular case will allow you to correctly understand the essence of the sentence, read it with the right intonation and put the required punctuation mark at the end.

Non-exclamatory sentences are those that imply an ordinary, everyday tone and the absence of a strong emotional component. At the end of such sentences there is a period. For example: It has been raining all day today. According to the schedule, the train will arrive in two hours.

Exclamatory sentences are those sentences that convey strong feelings and emotions of the speaker.

For example: We are very happy!

At the end of these sentences there is an exclamation mark, and their grammatical means are as follows:

1. Intonation expressing joy, delight, sadness, surprise, anger, excitement, fear and other pronounced feelings. The pronunciation of exclamatory sentences is carried out in a higher tone, with an emphasis on the word, which imparts a greater emotional coloring.
2. Interjections.
3. Exclamatory particles of pronominal, adverbial or interjectional origin, giving the statement a characteristic emotional coloring: oh, well, well, how, where how, what for, which and others.

Using three exclamation points Typically, by using three exclamation points at the end of a sentence, the author expresses a high degree of emotional arousal. This way you can express joy or delight, anger or indignation. Sentences “Get out!!!” or “Go away and don’t come back!!!” talk about the deep feelings of the person who expresses them.

Interrogative sentences contain a question. The purpose of an interrogative sentence is to communicate that the speaker wants to find out something from the listener, to find out something. By asking a question, the speaker hopes to receive an answer, which is why interrogative sentences are often found in dialogues.

In the design of an interrogative sentence, special linguistic means are used:

• interrogative pronouns (what, which, which, whose, etc.),
• interrogative particles (whether, really, etc.),
• special intonation.

In writing, a question mark is placed at the end of an interrogative sentence.

Interrogative sentences are divided into general interrogative and private interrogative. The purpose of general interrogative sentences is to learn about the situation as a whole. The answer to them will be yes or no. For example: Have you read this book? Particularly interrogative sentences request some specific information about the character, attribute, quantity, etc., i.e. the speaker, knowing about the situation as a whole, wants to find out some details: What do you think about this? How are you doing? Particular interrogative sentences actively use interrogative words and particles.

A special group is represented by alternative questions, which are similar in form to general interrogative sentences (no interrogative pronouns), but the answer to them cannot be given in the form of confirmation (yes) or denial (no): Is your brother a schoolboy or a student?

There are interrogative sentences that do not imply an answer, but express various modal-expressive meanings. In form they are interrogative sentences, but in content they are an affirmation or denial of something, an incentive to action, etc. These are rhetorical questions (often of an expressive-emotional nature). For example: Is it possible to treat your own mother like that?!

Exclamatory sentences express the speaker’s emotions, his feelings towards the message (joy, excitement, indignation, surprise, etc.). Exclamatory, that is, having an emotional connotation, can be any sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative and incentive.

Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring

In the design of an exclamatory sentence, various means are used: exclamatory or intensifying particles (well, really, really, etc.), a special type of intonation (high intensity of pronunciation, raising the main tone towards the end of the phrase, etc.). At the end of an exclamation sentence, an exclamation point is placed on the letter.

Non-exclamatory sentences are neutral sentences without emotional overtones. Material from the site

Incentive offers contain an incentive, command, request, call, advice to do something addressed to the listener. The purpose of an incentive sentence is to influence the interlocutor, to force him to do something. This type of sentence is characterized by a specific intonation, which changes depending on what type of incentive is being implemented: request, advice, warning, etc.

The role of the predicate in an incentive sentence is often played by a verb in the form of an imperative mood: Let me die in peace in my beloved homeland, loving everything! (S.A. Yesenin). However, in the Russian language there are many other ways of formally expressing the will: particles, subjunctive mood of the verb, modal verbs, intonation, etc. For example: " May there always be sunshine!", "Could you close the door?", "You should shut up!", "Come on, go to bed!", " Quiet! Get out!" etc.

In writing, a period or exclamation point is placed at the end of the incentive sentence.

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On this page there is material on the following topics:

• what a beautiful book, narrative or motivational.
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The characteristics of a sentence include such a concept as types of sentences by intonation. These are exclamatory and non-exclamatory sentences. We talk about the differences between these proposals in the article.

Distinguishing sentences by intonation

The intonation of a sentence is often confused with the purpose of the statement. However, these are completely different concepts.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into narrative, interrogative and incentive. The first ones report something, the second ones contain a question, the third ones encourage action (contain a request, order, wish, etc.).

A sentence with any purpose of expression can be pronounced with a special emotional connotation, that is, with a pronounced feeling. It could be joy, anger, outrage, delight, and so on. It is the special emotionality in writing that is conveyed using an exclamation mark.

Here are examples of exclamatory sentences and similar non-exclamatory sentences:

• Spring came. - Spring came!
• Have you written an essay? -Have you written an essay?!
• Bring some water. - Bring some water!

How to recognize an exclamatory sentence

If we read a ready-made text, we can easily distinguish an exclamatory sentence by its punctuation mark - there is an exclamation mark at the end.

By ear, we distinguish exclamatory sentences from non-exclamatory sentences by how emotionally they are pronounced. The information in exclamatory and similar non-exclamatory sentences is the same, but the exclamation is pronounced with greater expression, louder, with the expression of some emotion.

You should not confuse incentive and exclamatory sentences: there are both exclamatory non-incentive sentences and incentive non-exclamatory ones.

For example, a sentence "Spring came." contains a simple statement of fact. It is impossible to conclude how the speaker feels about this event.

Sentence “Spring has come!” expresses strong emotions and expression. Most likely, the speaker wants to express his joy (although this cannot be determined by the exclamation mark: perhaps he wants to express disappointment, irritation, fear or other strong emotion).

Exclamatory sentences are often found in journalistic texts, where they perform a rhetorical function.

Exclamation markers

The main marker (sign) of an exclamatory sentence is the exclamation point. This is one of the end of sentence marks; it is quite enough to show that the sentence has ended. However, in some cases, not one, but three exclamation marks are used at the end of a sentence. This is done in order to emphasize a very strong emotion.

Interrogative exclamation sentences require two marks at the end: a question mark and an exclamation mark. The rule is that an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence is placed after a question mark. Such sentences often contain not just an emotional question, but rather a rhetorical question, expressing more indignation or bewilderment than a desire to receive an answer.

Some sentences end with an exclamation mark and an ellipsis. Then one of the dots (the first one) is replaced with an exclamation mark. Example: “What an amazing incident!..”

Another common use of the exclamation mark is in the design of requests. However, it must be borne in mind that this is not a proposal in the full sense.

What have we learned?

Exclamatory sentences express special emotions and feelings; an exclamation mark is placed at the end. Sentences that differ in the purpose of the statement can be exclamatory. When you encounter a question mark and an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence, you should write the question mark first; When an exclamation mark and an ellipsis meet, the first dot is replaced with an exclamation mark.