Formula for calculating the total cost of a loan example. What is the total cost of the loan? Annuity or differentiated payment

FCC (total cost of credit) shows the actual interest rate on the loan. Previously, this criterion was called the effective interest rate. The parameter takes into account not only the principal amount of debt and interest, but also almost all additional payments by the borrower according to the terms of the loan agreement (commissions, credit card fees, insurance premiums and bonuses, if insurance affects the procedure for issuing a loan). Registration fees, penalties, fines and other payments that do not affect the size and conditions of obtaining a loan are not taken into account.

Formula for calculating UCS

From September 1, 2014, a new formula is in effect for calculating the full cost of the loan. Grounds: Federal Law No. 353 of December 21, 2013 “On consumer credit (loan)” (see Article 6 “Full cost of consumer credit (loan)”).

For the new calculation of the PSC, legislators established a formula that is used in a number of foreign countries to find the effective annual percentage rate (APR, or Annual Percentage Rate).

The formula itself:

PSK = i * NBP * 100 .

NBP is the number of base periods in a calendar year. The length of the calendar year is assumed to be 365 days. With a standard payment schedule with monthly payments under the “annuity” system, NBP = 12. For quarterly payments, this figure will be 4. For annual payments – 1.
i – interest rate of the base period in decimal form. It is found by selection as the smallest positive value of the following equation:

Let's look at the components:

DP k – the value of the kth cash flow under the loan agreement. The amount provided by the bank to the borrower is included in the cash flow with a minus sign. Regular payments under the loan agreement are marked with a “plus” sign.
m – number of payments (number of amounts in cash flow).
e k – period expressed in parts of the established base period, calculated from the end of the qk-th period until the date of the k-th cash payment;
q k – number of base periods from the date of loan issuance to the k-th cash payment;
i – base period rate in decimal form.

Let's show the calculation with an example.

Example of calculating UCS in Excel

The borrower takes out 100,000 rubles on 07/01/2016 at 19% per annum. Loan term – 1 year (12 months). The payment method is annuity. Monthly payment – 9216 rubles.

Let's enter the input data into the Excel table:

Let's make the calculation:

In our example it turned out that i = 0.01584. This is the monthly size of the PSC. Now you can calculate the annual value of the total cost of the loan.

The formula for calculating UCS in Excel is simple:

The value cell is set to percentage format, so multiplying by 100% is not necessary. We simply found the product of the loan term and the interest rate of the base period.

The calculation using the new formula showed the PIC equal to the contractual interest rate. However, in this example, the borrower does not pay the lender additional amounts (commissions, fees). Interest only.

Let's look at another example, with additional costs.

Cash flow will change accordingly. Now the borrower will receive 99,000 rubles. And the monthly payment due to the fee will increase by 500 rubles.

The base period interest rate and the total cost of the loan have increased significantly.

This is understandable, because The borrower, in addition to interest, pays the lender a commission and fee. Moreover, the fee is monthly. That is why there is such a noticeable increase in PSC. Accordingly, the cost of the loan product will be more expensive.

When choosing a consumer loan, borrowers first of all pay attention to the interest rate, which banks advertise in every possible way (especially if it is low). However, few clients of financial institutions know that the 15-20% declared in booklets in practice often turns into 35-40%. Why does this happen, and where do such high percentages come from? It's all about hidden commissions and payments; they are taken into account when calculating the total cost of the loan, which we will tell you about in this article. You will also learn how to avoid falling into such a “credit trap.”

History of the appearance of the Central Bank Instruction “On the procedure for calculating and communicating to the borrower the full cost of the loan”

The rules for calculating the full cost of the loan (effective interest rate) and the procedure for communicating information about it to the borrower are described in the Central Bank Directive No. 2008-U dated May 13, 2008. This regulatory act imposed an obligation on banks to inform borrowers about all commissions and additional fees and replaced the concept of “effective interest rate” (EFR), which is not entirely clear to many, with a more eloquent one - “full cost of the loan” (FLC). In addition, the Directive contains a formula for calculating the value of the PSC, expressed as a percentage per annum, i.e. The total cost of the loan is its real interest rate.

The history of the emergence of the term “effective interest rate” in Russia is quite interesting. Thus, on December 12, 2006, the Central Bank of Russia issued Directive No. 1759-U, which amended Regulations dated March 26, 2004 No. 254-P “On the procedure for credit institutions to form reserves for possible losses on loans, on loan and similar debts” . In particular, in clause 5.1. This document introduced a formula for calculating the effective interest rate and an indication that all loans issued after 07/01/2007 can be included in the portfolio of homogeneous loans only if the bank notified the borrower of the amount of the effective interest rate. If the formula and the wording of the provisions were not clear to ordinary clients, they made a revolution in the financial world. If the requirement to inform clients is not met, financiers would have to create a reserve for each loan separately, which is extremely problematic to implement in practice.

Unfortunately, both Regulation No. 254-P itself, which regulates the procedure for the formation of reserves by banks, and the formula for calculating the rate were inaccessible and incomprehensible to ordinary bank clients. As a result, the Central Bank decided to exclude the paragraphs of clause 5.1., which dealt with EPS and linking reserves to informing borrowers about the effective rate, and create a separate Instruction. Thus, on June 12, 2008, 2 documents came into force:

Directive of the Central Bank of Russia No. 2008-U “On the procedure for calculating and communicating to the borrower the full cost of the loan,” written in generally accessible language and aimed at bank clients.
Instruction from the Central Bank on the exclusion of the formula for calculating the effective interest rate from Regulation No. 254-P and the abolition of the connection between the rate and the reserve.

It is the Central Bank Instruction No. 2008-U that is of maximum interest to us: we will analyze this document and determine what commissions and fees banks should take into account when forming the full cost of the loan (effective interest rate).

Basis for calculating the total cost of the loan

According to clause 2. Instructions of the Central Bank of Russia No. 2008-U, when calculating the full cost of the loan, the following payments in favor of the bank are taken into account:

repayment of the loan body;
interest repayment;
commission for drawing up an agreement and considering a loan application;
loan fees;
commissions for opening and maintaining client accounts necessary for issuing a loan;
fees for settlement and operational services;
commissions for issuing and servicing credit bank cards.

In addition to commissions and other fees paid to the bank, the following payments in favor of third parties are taken into account:

payments to insurance companies (life insurance, liability insurance, collateral insurance, etc.);
payment for notary services;
payment for the assessment of the property transferred as collateral for the loan.

Note!

If the loan agreement specifies in favor of which specific organizations or individual entrepreneurs payments will be made, their tariffs are used in the calculation. However, it is important to remember that when calculating the full cost, the bank is not obliged to take into account the individual characteristics of the borrower or the collateral (age, driving experience, type of real estate, car brand, etc.). In the case where financiers make an individual calculation, they are required to notify the client about this.
It should also be taken into account that in most cases it is impossible to calculate payments in favor of third parties in advance (for the entire period of validity of the loan agreement), therefore, when calculating the full cost (effective rate), current tariffs are used, which can then be increased or decreased.
The basis for calculating insurance payments is an amount proportional to the part of the value of the collateral paid for with credit funds. That is, if you take out a cash loan in the amount of 500 thousand rubles. secured by your apartment worth 3 million rubles, then the basis for calculating insurance payments will be the loan amount - 500 thousand rubles. (insurance companies and the banks themselves will strongly recommend concluding an agreement for the full amount - 3 million rubles).
If a loan agreement provides for different payment amounts depending on the borrower’s decision, its full cost is calculated based on the maximum possible amounts. For example, the calculation of the PSC for a card loan will be carried out on the assumption that you have withdrawn the entire available amount and are using it throughout the entire term of the agreement.

After we have examined what the basis for calculating the UCS is formed from, let us analyze what is not included in it.

What is not included in the basis for calculating the full cost of the loan

When calculating the total cost of a loan (effective rate), banks take into account many payments, but there are also commissions and fees that they may not legally consider. These include:

payments, the obligation to make which is dictated not by the loan agreement, but by law (the simplest example is payment for an MTPL policy);
payments resulting from the borrower’s violation of the terms of the loan agreement (fines, penalties);
payments and commissions stipulated by the contract, the amount of which depends on the choice and behavior of the borrower.

Let's look at the last point in more detail. You should note that the effective loan rate does not include:

commissions for obtaining and repaying a loan in cash, including using ATMs (in some cases, these commissions reach 3-5% of the withdrawn amount);
fee for providing information about the status of the debt;
payments for credit card transactions in a currency other than the lending currency;
payments and fees for suspending credit card transactions (blocking, adding to the STOP list);
commissions for crediting funds to a credit card by other organizations.

Having found out what is included and what is not included in the base for calculating the full cost (effective rate) of the loan, you can not only control the bank, but also understand what the real amount of the overpayment will be. However, a logical question arises: where is the effective rate indicated, and at what stage can you know about it? More on this later.

The procedure for communicating to the borrower information about the full cost of the loan (effective rate)

According to clause 5. Instructions of the Central Bank of Russia No. 2008-U information about the full cost must be communicated to borrowers in the loan agreement. In addition to the PSC, the list and amounts of payments (including in favor of third parties) that are or are not included in the full cost must be indicated. The agreement also stipulates the conditions for changing the size of payments and notifying the borrower about this.

In practice, the procedure for familiarizing the client with the full cost of the loan is as follows. A person who has agreed to issue a loan comes on the appointed day to sign documents and receive money and either does not read the agreement at all, or reads and sees the value of the effective rate, but no longer dares to cancel the deal (even if the terms do not suit him). At the same time, paragraph 7 of the Directive instructs financiers to provide borrowers with all the necessary information before concluding a loan agreement, as evidenced by the client’s signature and date. In theory, this should be done at the time of filling out the loan application.

In accordance with the Directive of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for calculating and communicating to the borrower - an individual the full cost of the loan”,
The total cost of the loan is determined as a percentage per annum using the formula:

Where:
di — date of the i-th cash flow (payment);
d0 is the date of the initial cash flow (payment) (coincides with the date of transfer of funds to the borrower);
n is the number of cash flows (payments);
DPi is the amount of the i-th cash flow (payment) under the loan agreement. Multidirectional cash flows (payments) (inflow and outflow of funds) are included in the calculation with opposite mathematical signs, namely: the provision of a loan to the borrower on the date of its issuance is included in the calculation with a “minus” sign, repayment of the loan by the borrower, payment of interest on the loan are included in calculation with a “plus” sign.
PSK - the total cost of the loan, in% per annum.
When determining the full cost of the loan, all fees (commissions) preceding the date of transfer of funds to the borrower (for example, for processing a loan application) are included in the payments made by the borrower on the date of the initial cash flow (payment) (d0).

The calculation of the total cost of the loan includes:

Payments by the borrower under the loan agreement related to the conclusion and execution of the loan agreement, the amounts and payment terms of which are known at the time of concluding the loan agreement, including:

- to repay the principal amount of the loan,
to pay interest on the loan,
fees (commissions) for reviewing a loan application (drawing out a loan agreement),
commission for issuing a loan,
commission for opening, maintaining (maintenance) of the borrower’s accounts (if their opening and maintenance is conditioned by the conclusion of a loan agreement),
commissions for settlement and operational services,
commissions for the issue and annual servicing of credit and settlement (debit) cards (hereinafter referred to as bank cards);

Payments by the borrower in favor of third parties, if the borrower's obligation to make such payments arises from the terms of the loan agreement, which defines such third parties (for example, insurance companies, notary offices, notaries). These payments include payments for the assessment of the property pledged as collateral (for example, an apartment), payments for life insurance of the borrower, the liability of the borrower, the collateral (for example, an apartment, a vehicle) and other payments.

If the terms of the loan agreement specify a specific third party, the tariffs of this person are used to calculate the full cost of the loan. The rates used to calculate the full cost of the loan may not take into account the individual characteristics of the borrower (for example, his age or driving experience) and the collateral (for example, the manufacturer, model or year of the vehicle). If a credit institution does not take such features into account, the borrower must be informed about this. If, when calculating the full cost of the loan, payments in favor of third parties cannot be unambiguously determined for the entire loan term, the calculation of the full cost of the loan includes payments in favor of third parties for the entire loan term based on the tariffs determined on the day the full cost of the loan is calculated .

If the loan agreement specifies two or more third parties, the calculation of the full cost of the loan can be carried out using the tariffs of any of them, indicating information about the person whose tariffs were used to include in the calculation of the full cost of the loan, as well as information that If the borrower turns to the services of another person, the amount of the total cost of the loan may differ from the calculated one.

The borrower's payments for insurance of the collateral are included in the calculation of the full cost of the loan in an amount proportional to the cost of the goods (services) paid for by the loan, as well as the ratio of the loan period and the insurance period, if the loan period is less than the insurance period.

The calculation of the full cost of the loan does not include:

payments by the borrower, the obligation of which by the borrower arises not from the loan agreement, but from the requirements of the law (for example, when concluding a contract of compulsory civil liability insurance for vehicle owners);
payments related to the borrower’s failure to comply with the terms of the loan agreement;
the borrower's payments for servicing the loan provided for in the loan agreement, the amount and (or) terms of payment of which depend on the decision of the borrower and (or) his behavior, including:
- commission for partial (full) early repayment of the loan,
- commission for receiving (repaying) a loan in cash (for cash services), including using ATMs,
- penalty in the form of a fine or penalty, including for exceeding the overdraft limit established for the borrower,
- fee for providing information about the status of the debt.
- For bank cards, the calculation of the full cost of the loan does not include: fees for transactions in a currency other than the account currency (currency of the loan provided); commissions for suspending bank card transactions; commissions for crediting funds to a bank card by other credit institutions.

If the loan agreement provides for different amounts of the borrower's payments on the loan depending on the borrower's decision, the full cost of the loan is calculated based on the maximum possible loan amount (overdraft limit) and the loan term (validity period of the bank card), equal payments under the loan agreement ( repayment of the principal amount of the loan, payment of interest on the loan and other payments determined by the terms of the loan agreement). If the loan agreement provides for a minimum monthly (regular) payment, the full cost of the loan is calculated based on this condition.

Information about the full cost of the loan, the list and amounts of payments included and not included in the calculation of the full cost of the loan, as well as a list of payments in favor of third parties not specified in the loan agreement are communicated by the credit institution to the borrower as part of the loan agreement.

The repayment schedule for the full amount to be paid by the borrower may be communicated to the borrower as an annex to the loan agreement (additional agreement to the loan agreement).

If the terms of the loan agreement change, entailing a change in the full cost of the loan, the new (refined) value of the full cost of the loan is determined taking into account payments made from the beginning of the term of the loan agreement. The method and form of communicating to the borrower information about the new (updated) value of the total cost of the loan may be established in the loan agreement, including in cases where the possibility of changing the terms of the loan agreement by the credit institution unilaterally is provided for.

The credit institution is obliged to provide the borrower with information about the full cost of the loan before concluding a loan agreement and before changing the terms of the loan agreement, entailing a change in the full cost of the loan, in accordance with paragraph 5 of this Directive. This information can be communicated to the borrower in the draft loan agreement (additional agreement), in documents sent by the parties to each other in the process of concluding the loan agreement (additional agreement), in other ways that confirm the fact that the borrower has familiarized himself with the specified information and provide for the date and signature of the borrower .

Instruction No. 2008-U dated May 13, 2008 “On the procedure for calculating and communicating to the individual borrower the full cost of the loan” was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on May 29, 2008, Registration No. 11772
and published in the “Bulletin of the Bank of Russia” and in accordance with the decision of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Russia (minutes of the meeting of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Russia dated May 13, 2008 No. 10) came into force on June 12, 2008.
(I present this data in case you want to read this Directive in the original source).

Many borrowers take out long-term loans, which are repaid not in one, but in several (often numerous) payments. It is simply unrealistic to manually calculate the full cost of such loans using standard formulas.

S– the total amount of all loan payments (including commissions, insurance, etc.);

S 0– the amount of the loan issued;

n– loan term (in years).

Let's calculate the full cost of our three-month annuity loan as an example. So, its sum ( S 0) is equal to 100,000 rubles. The loan will be repaid in three annuity payments of 35,296 rubles. Let's assume that the bank does not impose any additional hidden fees on the borrower. In this case, the total amount of all payments ( S) will be 105,888 rubles(35,296*3=105,888). Loan terms ( n) is equal 0.25 years(3 months/12 months = 0.25). We substitute this data into our formula and find the UCS:

So, the total cost of the loan is 23,552% per annum. To calculate it, we needed a regular calculator and a few seconds of time. In a similar way, you can calculate any loan with any number of payments. Our formula can be safely given the title “People’s formula for calculating the PSK” - both a professor and a janitor can easily understand it.

Well, friends, we’ve sorted out the formulas and calculations. Let's find out.

Hello.

With you is the “site, About mortgages in Russian” and I, Dmitry Ovsyannikov.

A man decided to take out a loan.

One bank has a higher interest rate, but there are no fees or commissions;

in another bank the interest rate is lower, but there is a commission “for reducing the interest rate”, and even higher insurance, and even a higher assessment.

What should I do?
How can a person compare lending programs, how can a person compare lending programs taking into account all the additional fees and commissions?

For this purpose, there is such a thing as “full cost of the loan.”

The total cost of the loan is a value that shows at what interest rate the borrower uses the loan money, taking into account all fees and commissions.

The Central Bank obliged banks to calculate the full cost of the loan and provide this information before signing the loan agreement. That is, even before signing the loan agreement, the borrower must find out. at what interest rate he will actually use the money, taking into account all the fees and commissions that the borrower will have.

However, my personal opinion is that the total cost of the loan (in percentage terms) is a completely meaningless value; it confuses borrowers and gives false guidelines. And let's now try to understand why.

The formula for calculating the full cost of the loan is recommended by the Central Bank.

The formula is quite complex, but based on this formula we have made a mortgage calculator, a calculator that allows you to calculate the borrower's payments, allows you to see how much a person will pay on the loan, taking into account all fees and commissions.

Let us use this mortgage calculator.

For clarity, let’s look at one example: let’s compare the loan programs of two different banks.

Under the credit program of one bank, we will have an interest rate of 13% per annum and there will be no commissions for reducing the interest rate (and what: banks have such a commission);

Under another bank's loan program, the interest rate will be 12% per annum, that is, one percentage point lower, but the borrower will have a fee for reducing the loan rate of 4%.

In both cases, we will have an assessment of 5,000 rubles, as well as insurance:

insurance in the amount of 1% of the amount of the debt balance increased by 10%

and there will also be other additional expenses: government expenses. registration, notarization, preparation of an agreement, etc.. In total, these additional costs will amount to 30 thousand rubles.

Let's calculate the total cost of the loan.

To do this we go to the site

We'll need a mortgage calculator.

The mortgage calculator is located in a slightly different location on the website than other loan calculators.

Go to the page with mortgage calculators. What do we see?

We see just the same calculator.

"Payment type: annuity."

Most banks use annuity payments, and there are literally a couple of banks that now have differentiated payments.

The loan amount is 4 million rubles (I once entered this value, and therefore a tooltip immediately pops up);

Interest rate: 13% per annum;

loan term - 20 years.

insurance - 1% of the debt balance increased by 10%, insurance is paid every year,

We do not have permanent commissions that are paid once a month;

Our assessment cost is 5,000 rubles (according to the conditions),

commission for reducing the interest rate - in this case we will not have it;

rental of a safe deposit box - we did not take it into account, we included it in other one-time commissions;

and other one-time commissions amount to 30 thousand rubles. (Just pay attention: not “30,000% of the loan amount”, but “30,000 rubles”.
If you leave it as it was “30000%”, the calculator, in this case. It will just freeze: it will try to calculate this value for a very, very long time. which will work out. Therefore, we carefully look at what data we enter.

What we see:

Top right table:

total credited: 12 million 547 thousand 955 rubles and 65 kopecks.

To repay the debt - 4 million: this is understandable: we took it - and we are returning it. (Look: they took 4 million, and gave 12 million 547 thousand 955 rubles and 65 kopecks to the bank. That is, they gave the bank (they paid in the form of interest) twice as much as they took in the form of a loan. But, as it is, it is).

Our insurance is 632 thousand 914 rubles and 41 kopecks.

Below we see a large table with data.

It shows how much money the borrower pays every month on the loan, how much of this payment goes to repay the debt, how much money from the borrower's monthly payment goes to pay interest. We can also see how much a person has left to pay after he has made his monthly payment.
If a person deposits money for early repayment, they can be entered here, and then the value will be here after the person has made both the scheduled payment and the early repayment.

But we are not very interested in all this now. We are interested in this value: we scroll to the very bottom of the table, we are interested in the “full cost of the loan”: 15 point and 33 hundredths percent per annum.
Let's remember this value, it will be useful to us later.

Close the tab with calculations.

Now in the mortgage calculator we will change the values: the interest rate is 12% per annum, the loan term remains the same as 20 years. The cost of appraisal, insurance - nothing has changed, only a commission has appeared for reducing the interest rate - 4% of the amount of the loan issued.

In this case, we got: 12 million 009 thousand 469 rubles and 14 kopecks.

That is, as you can see, it is more profitable for us to pay a commission for reducing the interest rate and use the loan at a lower interest rate.
And in this case, we will pay the bank half a million less than in the first case.

that is, despite the commission, the program with a lower interest rate turned out to be more profitable.

We look at the full cost of the loan. We also scroll to the very bottom of the page. The total cost of the loan is 14.98% per annum, that is, the total cost of the loan is slightly less than in the first case.

Banks calculate the full cost of the loan based on the period for which the borrower takes out the loan.

But in fact, the overwhelming number of borrowers pay off their loans early.

Let's assume that we repaid the loan not in 20 years, but in 5 years.

Let's see how the overpayment to the bank will change in this case and how the total cost of the loan, expressed as a percentage, will change.

It would be possible to carry out calculations more accurately: by substituting into the mortgage calculator the figures for the amounts of money for early repayment in those months. when we make this very early repayment. But to avoid confusion, I’ll simply change the loan term: instead of 20 years, I’ll put it at 5 years.

But in order not to get confused, and for clarity, to make it simpler, I will do it a little differently. I will change the loan term: instead of 20 years, I will substitute 5 years.

What do we see?

We see that “total credited”: 5 million 818 thousand 553 rubles and 80 kopecks. Of this, 1 million 338 thousand 667 rubles 44 kopecks went to pay off interest. That is, the overpayment to the bank, in this case, is much, much less.

Let's look at the full cost of the loan: wow, the full cost of the loan -

And the total cost of the loan is 16 point and 78 hundredths percent per annum. That is, our overpayment is significantly less, and the total cost of the loan is higher.

Now let's calculate the last value: our interest rate on the loan will be 13% per annum, the loan term remains the same: 5 years.

What is changing with us?

We eliminate the commission for reducing the interest rate.

What do we see?

We see: total credited: 5 million 782 thousand 331 rubles and 24 kopecks.

The total cost of the loan with us is 15 point and 77 hundredths% per annum.

Let's summarize:

When the bank calculates the full cost of the loan, it does not know whether the borrower will repay the loan early or not.
Also, the bank does not know how long the borrower will repay the loan: in 5 years, 10 years, or will not repay the loan early at all.
Therefore, the full cost of the loan is calculated based on the period for which the borrower takes out the loan.
But, as we know, 9 out of 10 borrowers repay the loan early.
Consequently, the data calculated by the bank turns out to be incorrect for the vast majority of borrowers.
It can be noted that as the loan term decreases, the value of the total cost of the loan increases. That is, based on the full cost of the loan, it would seem more profitable to take a loan with a lower interest rate. o lower interest rate - with a longer loan term. In fact, it is more profitable to pay off the loan early, because in this case, significantly less money will be paid for using the loan.
I suggest you look at the data obtained.
Click: “Compare”.
What do we see?
We see a sign. We have an interest rate of 13% per annum, in the second case - 13%.
With a longer loan term, it was more profitable for us to pay a commission and use the loan at a lower interest rate.
But if the borrower uses the loan not for 20 years, but for 5 years, then this program, under which the interest rate is 12% per annum and you need to pay a commission to reduce the interest rate, turns out to be less profitable than the loan program under which the interest rate is higher, but no there is no need to pay commissions.
But the bank calculates the full cost of the loan based on the period for which the loan was issued, which turns out to be incorrect in 90% of cases, because most borrowers repay the loan ahead of schedule.

So how do you choose the best loan program?

You need to think about how long you can realistically repay the loan.
And in the loan calculator, enter the period for which you are able to repay the loan, and not the period for which you take out the loan.

Another recommendation: Do not consider the total cost of the loan: this indicator is “nothing”, this value will confuse you and will not allow you to choose the best lending program.
What needs to be counted?
You need to consider the overpayment that you will have on the loan. In this case, you can better choose a loan program:
We calculated how much money you will pay in one case, to one bank, under one credit program (taking into account all fees and commissions),
calculated how much money you will pay under another program, another bank (again, taking into account all fees and commissions),
We compared the amount of the overpayment and chose the best lending program: we went to the bank where the amount of the overpayment would be less.

If you liked the video, give it a “like”; if you have questions about mortgages, ask them on the portal forum “About Mortgages in Russian.” Well, if you are interested in the topic of mortgages, subscribe to our video channel on YouTube: you will learn a lot of useful things.

Thank you for your attention.

I was with you, Dmitry Ovsyannikov and the project “About mortgages in Russian.”