Unified State Exam Russian language training options.

The All-Russian examination in the Russian language is mandatory for all eleventh grade graduates. At first glance, this subject should not cause any particular difficulties, especially if you compare the Russian language with the same subject, which requires long and thorough preparation, as well as elaboration of the tasks presented in the program from grades 5 to 11.

Many students believe that there is no need to prepare for Russian, since it is the native language for the majority of residents of the Russian Federation. We communicate on it every day, watch movies, correspond with friends on social networks... However, the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is not so simple - passing it requires some effort, especially if you are applying for a mark higher than “satisfactory”. In addition, this is characterized by a high threshold score, which will not be easy to achieve.

We would like to separately mention the annual changes in the ticket structure. Just look at the rumors about the introduction of speaking to the exam! Such an innovation can significantly reduce the quality and success rate of passing this Unified State Exam, because it is no secret that beautiful and competent speech is not heard very often in schools today. Well, let's figure out whether we should expect further innovations from specialists from FIPI, and also find out the features of the Unified State Exam-2018 in the Russian language.

The introduction of a speaking part will make it much more difficult for schoolchildren to pass the Unified State Exam!

Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2018

Unified State Exam dates in Russian

The final dates for the Unified State Examination will be known only in January. But today specialists from Rosobrnadzor are ready to announce the approximate time periods during which testing will take place:

• the early stage of the Unified State Examination will take place from mid-March to mid-April 2018 (start date – 03/22/2018);
• The main stage of the Unified State Examination will begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018. Rosobrnadzor tentatively names the start date as 05/28/2018;
• An additional period (taking the Unified State Exam by students who received unsatisfactory grades or missed the main exam due to illness and other valid reasons, documented) is scheduled for the first half of September 2018. So far, the starting date is September 4, 2018.

Let us remind you that the following people can write an application to take the exam early:

• schoolchildren who received secondary education before the 2017/2018 academic year;
• students who graduated from school with a certificate instead of a certificate;
• evening school graduates;
• individuals who go to study outside of Russia;
• graduates of the current year who completed the curriculum ahead of schedule;
• children leaving for sports competitions, competitions, Olympiads and other events of national or international significance;
• schoolchildren in need of treatment or rehabilitation on the dates of the main exam.

Statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language

The students’ opinion that with good preparation for the Unified State Exam, the Russian language is quite easy to pass is confirmed by official statistical calculations. Thus, in 2017, 617 thousand schoolchildren took part in the examination, of which only 1.6% were unable to overcome the minimum threshold (i.e., score 36 passing points required for).

In 2016, there were 2.5% of such students. In turn, only 0.5% of examinees did not achieve the minimum scores required to obtain a matriculation certificate, i.e. half as much as in 2016. According to Sergei Kravtsov, head of Rosobrnadzor, this trend indicates the effectiveness of the “I will pass the Unified State Exam” project, in which lagging students from Chechnya, Dagestan and Tuva took part before testing.

Rules for the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language

The testing procedure remains the same - students will have 3.5 hours (210 minutes) to complete the tasks. According to the regulations, before entering the examination hall, the student must empty his pockets of any foreign objects, which include cheat sheets, smartphones, cameras, headphones, tablets, smart watches and any other equipment.

When writing a test in the Russian language, the use of any other reference and auxiliary materials is not provided. Schoolchildren are prohibited from changing seats, talking with neighbors, turning their heads in the hope of spying on the answer, and also leaving the classroom without permission and accompaniment of a member of the supervisory commission.

What is included in the Russian language ticket?

The Russian language exam is aimed at:

• assessment of the ability to conduct linguistic analysis;
• identification of practical language skills in compliance with relevant norms and rules;
• communication skills test;
• assessing the understanding of written language through the prism of one’s own perception;
• testing the ability to compare, analyze, synthesize, generalize, specify and find patterns.

When completing the work, the student will be faced with tasks that will test the level of his knowledge of vocabulary and phraseology, his understanding of language, spelling and punctuation norms, as well as the ability to use speech instruments.

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, divided into two parts:

• The first part of the ticket is 25 tasks that require a short answer from the student. In this part of the Unified State Exam, the answer should be given in the form of one or more numbers, a word or a phrase. For correct completion of this part of the test, you can receive 34 primary points, which is 59% of all points for the Unified State Exam. Tasks numbered 2, 3-6, 8-14, 16-24 are scored 1 point, 1 and 15 – 2 points, 7 – 5 points, 25 – 4 points;
• the second part of the ticket is on the proposed topic. It should provide a detailed and reasoned answer to the question posed. For correct completion of this part of the test, you can receive 24 primary points, which is 41% of all points for the Unified State Exam.

The entire ticket allows you to earn a maximum of 58 primary points.

Innovations in tickets 2018

Experts from FIPI report that the following changes await schoolchildren in the new Russian language tickets:

1. One task (numbered 20) was added to the tickets, aimed at testing knowledge of the norms of vocabulary of the Russian language.
2. The maximum primary points that can be obtained for all work have been increased - now there will be 58, not 57, as in 2017.

Will speaking be included in the exam?

Over the past few years, rumors have increasingly arisen that another part will be added to the Russian language exam - speaking. Lyudmila Verbitskaya, head of the Russian Academy of Education, stated that speaking would become an integral part of the exam back in 2016. Sergei Kravtsov, who heads Rosobrnadzor, also believed that Russian should not be taken at the basic and specialized level, but it is imperative to test the ability of modern schoolchildren to express their thoughts out loud.

The leadership of the main educational department of the Russian Federation explained the need for this innovation by saying that the ability to apply language norms in practice can only be revealed when a student answers questions orally. This is the only way to understand whether the student knows how to express his thoughts beautifully and cogently, or whether he has simply memorized a certain number of rules.

Speaking did not appear in the Unified State Examination 2017, but at a conference at Moscow State University dedicated to the problems of the modern Russian language, Verbitskaya expressed confidence that in 2018 this part will definitely supplement the national examination in this subject. Not long ago, information appeared on the FIPI website that department specialists discussed the issue of including speaking in the Unified State Exam, having prepared a corresponding project. Today it includes two possible options for improving CMMs:

• the first assumes that the student will have to read the text expressively, then take part in the dialogue, and at the end, argueably express his position on some issue, based on the proposed text. You will need to do it in 15 minutes;
• the second option includes four types of tasks: expressive reading of the proposed passage, retelling the information read, a monologue on a given topic, and participation in dialogue. 15 minutes will be allotted for all tasks.

When passing the Unified State Examination, audio and video recording of the student’s answers will be carried out, which will then be listened to by members of the examination committee. However, in the CMM versions presented today, there is no speaking in the demo version. It is possible that the new type of Unified State Exam will first be tested on schoolchildren from the 9th grade who will have to take the State Examination.

Firstly, it is easier for them to equip classrooms with the necessary equipment, and secondly, for high school students, errors in the calculations of specialists from FIPI can become critical, ruining the chance of entering a university. It is quite possible that the project will not have time to pass the final approval stage in 2018, but students should prepare for this type of test.

How will the Unified State Exam in Russian affect the certificate?

Let us remind you that the scores that an eleventh grader received for the national exam influence the certificate. The maximum points for this Unified State Examination are 100. If we translate them into the regular school system of assessing knowledge, the picture looks like this:

• students who managed to score only 0-35 points are recognized as “failing students”;
• schoolchildren who were able to score 36-57 points for testing can qualify for the “three” mark;
• 58-71 points guarantee the student a grade of “four”;
• graduates who score 72 points and above receive an “excellent” grade.

The minimum points that should be scored for the Russian language are directly dependent on the goal set by the student:

• schoolchildren who do not intend to enter a university can write an exam for 24 points - this is enough to simply receive a certificate;
• Students who plan to enroll in higher education must receive a minimum of 36 points on the test. You can overcome this threshold by correctly solving at least 16 tasks from the first part of the ticket. Of course, 36 points will not allow you to qualify for a budget place and a scholarship at the university. As the practice of past years shows, for regional universities the score must be at least 73, but to get into capital universities you need to manage to write the Unified State Examination in Russian with at least 88-94 points.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Russian?

Preparing for the Russian language exam involves regular classes, practicing all existing rules and regulations, memorizing exceptions, and developing punctuation skills. In addition, it is highly recommended to regularly write dictations and short essays on a variety of topics.

Experts say that you should devote most of your time to task No. 26 - the essay will require you to be able to discuss and comment on a specific topic, support your point of view with arguments, think broadly, draw analogies and correctly insert quotes from other sources into the text. To do this, it is worth paying attention to reading classical works, the authors of which raise themes of ideological problems.

Of course, when preparing for the exam, you cannot do without working through the demonstration CMMs developed by FIPI specialists for the new academic year. Of course, there will be no absolute match between the demo versions and the real tests, but the tasks are so similar that it will be easier for you to collect your thoughts during the exam. Only in this case you will not waste time trying to understand the structure of the ticket and its content. You can download official demo versions of CMMs in Russian at the beginning of the article.

At the Unified State Examination in Russian, you should correctly distribute the allotted time. Don't waste precious minutes lingering on difficult tests. You can return to them later, when answers to tasks that do not cause you difficulties are ready. To write an essay, you will need at least 60-70 minutes - creative tasks require time to gather your thoughts, sketch out a draft version of the work, and then carefully rewrite the essay on the answer sheet.

What should you consider when writing an essay?

The essay involves writing a text in which the following components will be clearly highlighted:

• introduction– here you should give a suitable quote, highlight the main idea of ​​the author of the work, talk a little about his worldview, give your own thoughts on this topic, and then move on to the main part;
• main part– is divided into several structural components, each of which will be assessed by a commission. Start by formulating the problem, describing its relevance and urgency. Provide comments on the problem, briefly retelling the text in your own words. Next, you need to express the author’s main idea and retell his vision of the issue. Express your opinion on this matter, agreeing with the author or, conversely, giving counterarguments. Your own thoughts should be supported by arguments in the form of quotes from famous personalities, statistical and scientific facts, descriptions of life situations or thoughts of other writers. At least two arguments must be given, and one of them is literary;

Unified State Exam 2018 in Russian. Early option. Answers and explanations

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, astronomy was faced with more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods. (3)<…>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.
2) The emergence and development of astronomy closely related to practicalhuman needs requiring more perfect waysobservations and calculation methods, in connection with which began to be createdthe simplest astronomical instruments and are being developed moreadvanced mathematical methods for processing observations.
3) With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.
4) Origin and development of astronomy explained human needs, who demanded more advanced observation methods and methodscalculations, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and
develop mathematical methods for processing observations.
5) The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

We recommend do not read the text first, but find two identical statements. To do this, you should emphasize the keywords. This is often not easy to do. But in this task, FIPI decided to play giveaway. Options 2 and 4 are almost completely the same. Find, as they say, 10 differences. Of course, you should still read the text to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 24

2

Which of the following words (combination of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
That's why
Although
Despite this,
However

If Russian is not your native language and you do not understand the nuances of the meanings of the functional parts of speech, the hint can be easily found in the previous task. In our correct option 2 there are the words “in connection with which”, replacing the meaning of the word “therefore”.

Answer: therefore

3

Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.
1) Among the nobility: narrow coolG selected of people. Accepted in society. Be in society.
2) Voluntary, permanent bringing people together to achieve any goal. O. book lovers. All-Russian o. nature conservation. Sports societies.
3) One or the other Wednesday of people, company . Get into a bad place. The soul of society.
4) collection of people, united by historically determined social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal o. Capitalist o.
5) someone or something. Shared stay with someone To shun someone's. society. In the company of old friends.

Polysemantic words in each specific text are used only in one of their meanings (unless this is an intentional play on words). What is the meaning of the word "society" in the sentence " With developmentsociety Astronomy was faced with more and more new challenges."? We emphasize the key words in each interpretation (the section is in bold). The fifth point disappears immediately. We are talking about the development of society, but staying together cannot develop in any way. The first four meanings can be attributed to one general category - the unification of people. Let's look at what characterizes each association (highlighted in green). Since the whole science has managed to change, the text is talking about a long time and historical processes. A narrow circle of the elite, a voluntary association and company would not have lasted that long. That leaves option 4.

Answer: 4

4.

In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

Mosaic
It will make it easier
convening
locked
facilities

It's unlikely that anyone hasn't already memorized how to say the last three words. They are somehow well-known. In the exam, most likely you would have to choose from the first two words. Indeed, many around say “it will make it easier.”
Perhaps someone will remember the memory poem: “Wounds must be treated in order to alleviate suffering,” and someone will remember that the verbs that come across in this task often have stress on the last syllable.

If question 4 causes you difficulty, purchase ours, and you will be happy. In an hour you will remember all the correct accents.

Answer: mosaic.

5.

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was given the floor, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one assist.
The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities of talented students for professional growth and INVENTIVE activities.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFLOW with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him nationwide love and fame.

This task turned out to be easy. It is the person who is inventive, not the activity. To understand this, you need to know the meanings of paronyms:

Inventive– resourceful, quick to think, capable of inventing: inventive housewife, inventive craftsman, inventive child.
Inventive-related to invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6

In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

Get well soon
BAKE A pie
BOTH tables
Foliage sways
famous CONSTRUCTORS

The tables are m.r., so the “both” shape is just right. “Both” would be suitable for “beds” or “bedside tables.”
Constructors or constructor? We check the plate in the directory. In general, few people say “designer”; it’s hard to make a mistake. You can get into trouble with doctors, professors and paramedics. Learn the material!
“Soonest” and “swaying” are generally beyond doubt. That's what we say.
When conjugating the verb BAKE, the correct forms are BAKE, but: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

To prepare for this task, you may find our Word Forms guide useful (it's free).
We have a recording of the webinar “Task 6 in the Unified State Exam” on our website. Buy and watch the recording.

Answer: bake

7

We look at the right column and choose what is easiest to find. Under A - an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members. This formulation covers a dozen types of errors associated with homogeneous terms. Never start from such a point.

We think it’s easier to start with B - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Usually the correct answer is given by prepositions thanks to, according to, in spite of, contrary to, requiring the dative case. Other derivative prepositions are less common - upon arrival, upon departure. And we just have " Thanks to used and I" In d.p. would be use. So we found the error. Don’t forget to cross out B and 6 so that these texts no longer bother you.

Now let's look for participial and participial phrases. That's easy too.
We have only one participial phrase - in sentence 5. We read, we see that it is written completely crookedly. The inconsistency of words is striking.

Let us recall the questions of gerunds: doing what? what did you do? There are two participial phrases. We choose from sentences 1 and 9. We emphasize the revolutions, we emphasize the basics. We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If you see something impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Participial phrases cannot be used in impersonal sentences. Now we make sure that the action described in the adverbial phrase is performed by the one named in the subject. We could arrive at the unit, but the poster could not change the name.

Violation of the aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms is also quite easy to find. We underline the verbs in the remaining sentences and look at their forms. We are looking for temporal or species diversity. .
We find a discrepancy: carried out - n.v., divided - p.v.

And now we have the most difficult task left, but now there are half as many offers. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 left.
In 1, 4 and 7 there are no homogeneous members at all. 2 and 8 left.
In the second sentence, the “and also” should immediately alert you. Sometimes you come across sentences with the non-existent conjunction “not only, ... and also”. But there is no “not only” here. This is the right option.
Let's look at the homogeneous members of sentence 8. Fathers! This is a predicate and an addition! They cannot be homogeneous!

Answer:

Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
this...cat
p..rket

The test word is matched to only one: ecology - ecologist.

Answer: ecology

Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

Ra..laid, and..delivery
continuous, constant, continuous battle
nen..sighty, z..go
ra..count and..give
o..pulled, on..bit

Positioned, calculated - S in front of the deaf,
Product, edit - Z before voiced ones,
The prefixes OT and NAD do not change.
continuous - the meaning of the prefix PRE - an interruption close to PRE.
surf - the meaning of the prefix PR - approaching.
The prefixes NA and ZA do not change and are always written this way.

Answer: beloved come in

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

Hardy
sloppy
implied..shaft
abandoned
coloring

This and task 11 are best completed by pronouncing the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear the correct version. Well, you can hear: implied. Of course, you can learn that the suffixes CHIV and LIV are written with I and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.

Answer: implied.

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

Make...sew
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappeared..sh
much..my

It's a little more difficult to hear here. “Missed” and “disappear” can be heard clearly, the rest can be pronounced in different ways. So let's explain each letter.

If you make it - excl. shave, lay, lay - 1 spr, in the personal end E.
omitted - p. parable, infinitive Skip is not in At-Yat, so we write the suffix EN(N)
If you disappear, what will you do? what to do - disappeared ugh. 1st book, in personal ending E.
unacceptable, tormented - suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles EM/IM are checked by conjugation. Torture - 2 reps.

Answer: tormented.

Determine the sentence in which NOT and the highlighted word are written CONCLUSION. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Willow vines and oak leaves shine like lips (not) wiped with a hand.
We were left in (UN)CONSISTENCY when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) RECOGNIZING their purpose, the heroes of A.P.’s plays. Chekhov often live their lives meaninglessly.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
The small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTICED by anyone.

When completing task 12, first of all, always check each word to see if it is used without NOT. There is no word "doubt". The answer lay on the surface.
To be sure, check the remaining words:
not wiped by hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words,
without realizing - not with a gerund,
not dug up - not with a short communion.

Answer: perplexed

Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

1. (THEN) he turned the compass ruler (IN) THE direction in which the boy disappeared.

2. THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom’s face as at our first meeting, (WHILE) even his eyes expressed the same confidence.

3. I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I wouldn’t catch Nikolai Antonovich.

4. (C) FOR some time, Vera receives ardent and passionate love letters from a person unknown to her, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.

5. Onegin, JUST like the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (NOT) sees nothing in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Be sure to separate the sentences with parentheses before completing this task. Make sure there are five of them.

We propose an algorithm:

1. First, find words that are exactly written with a hyphen: something, -that, -or, -anything, after all, double adverbs (this is easier). But there are none here.
2. See if there are words that are definitely written separately. Prepositions with nouns and pronouns, words just, anyway, as if, or something. Sentence 1 can be crossed out. “In that” will never be cohesive. Preposition with pronoun.
3. Find the words “During(s)” and “in continuation(s)”. They are often given and are always written separately, regardless of the meaning. There is such a thing. Proposition 4 can be crossed out.
4. See if there are words THAT(WOULD), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). Everything is simple with them too. See if you can remove the particle. Proposals 2 and 5 are eliminated.

That's it, there's only one option left. But let’s check just in case: “immediately” is written together, and it is impossible to remove or rearrange the “would” from “so that”.

Answer: immediately

Indicate all numbers replaced by N.

At the celebration of the (1) ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, a (3) fiery speech was made, which made a strong impression on the home front workers (5) gathered in the hall.

There are no special tricks here. We simply explain each word according to the rules.
solemn, state, fiery - suff. ENN in denominate adjectives,
pronounced - short participle with N,
The swindler stole one N from a worker.

If you can’t beat N and NN, try our simulator

Answer: 35

Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) A heartfelt love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons and gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future.
2) The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.
3) The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.
4) Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered through his head.
5) The air is light and clean and the river is frozen.

1) A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons, giving rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future. Homogeneous predicates.
2) The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Repeating conjunction.
3) Language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Repeated conjunctions again.
4) Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered through his head. Three homogeneous members with a double union.
5) The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. SSP.

Answer: 15 (what symmetry: task 15 and answer 15!)

Having completed the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked champignons to the dish.

We highlight the participial phrase.
Participial phrases before defined words. The defined words are not personal pronouns. Revolutions have no additional meaning. There is no reason to isolate these turns.

Answer: 1

Place all missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is bright and cold.
The thoughtful Georgian forged you for revenge,
The free Circassian was preparing for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) a pledge of love (6) dumb (7)
And the example for the wanderer in you is not useless:
Yes, I will not change and will be strong in soul,
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

If you carefully read the poem to the end, you can easily highlight the appeals. Those who made mistakes in this task were those who caught the words with their eyes and did not finish reading the lines.
Of course, we also need to think about the meaning of the last lines. If you put a ninth comma, it turns out that the lyrical hero wants to become iron in the literal sense.

Answer: 24578

Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Since then, every time (1) when we encounter a composer somewhere (2) he cannot remember this incident (3) of which (4) we have become unwitting witnesses without laughing.

It should be noted that this task is a little more complicated than those almost identical eighteenth tasks that we find in KIMs. You need to emphasize the basics and draw a diagram. The commas will be placed! Well, we remember that in this task the pronoun “which” is always located deep inside the subordinate clause.

[Since then, every time (when we encounter the composer somewhere), he cannot remember this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 123

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they missed school.

Here we have a junction of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. The hardest part is deciding whether to use a second comma. To check this, we mentally take out the subordinate clause and see if the sentence is read normally without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them...

It reads well, so the second comma is needed.
There would be no comma if it were something like this:
I really wanted to see my former classmates, and That I asked them...

Second difficulty: subordinate clause with the conjunction LI. Well, not everyone recognizes him, it’s rare. Learn materiel.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (if they missed school).

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

As we expected, the same problems arose with this task as with task 6 in the OGE. This is all due to the fact that the Russian language has many synonyms and the text can be corrected in different ways. It is clear that records are not won, medals are won. Words suitable for replacement beat, set, set (?). We can only hope that FIPI’s responses will take into account all possible options.

Answer: beaten, established. Perhaps they did.

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

We look for and underline such words or synonyms in the text.

1) After the shell exploded, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.

(44) Having overtakenthe ravine of the fleeing Germans, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets,far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, falling heavily onwounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding a banner in one hand, the otherpressing the machine gun pointed forward to the side;crawled out of the broken
Captain Sumskov was wounded by a trench shell... (45) Leaning on your left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) Not a drop of bloodwas in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and,throwing back my head,shouted in a childish, thin, broken voice:
- Eaglets! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

Right!

2) The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted several minutes, but the enemy’s losses were heavy.

(35) To him the fight seemed to lasta few minutes, but in fact more than half an hour has passed since the start of the attack,
The sun had noticeably leaned towards the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.

No.

3) Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.

(7)Infantry Regiment left the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev pushed Nicholas elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said:
- Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but God forbid retreating with it! (9) Do you think we will resist?
(10)Nikolai nodded decisively.

Right!

4) In harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.

(13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar!(14) The same like the older onesons, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and throughout the small, tightly knit figure. (16) Somewhere he is now, his little, infinitely dearNikolenka Streltsov?(17) I wanted to do it again look at the boy like thatstrikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: not needed before the fightmemories for him, from which the heart softens.

Right!

5) Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army soldiers defending the heights.

There were tanks, but they were German.

Answer: 134

Which of the following statements are true? Please provide numbers
answers.

5) Sentences 37, 38 present the reasoning

1) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.

There were some here. If you don’t read it carefully, everything looks exactly like this: there is a question, there is an answer to it. You have to read it carefully and see that the hero is answering a different question.

2) Sentences 12, 14 contain a description.

There is such a thing.

(12)Near the windmillbarefoot white-headed boyseven years old , Red Army soldiers.
(14) Same as the older onesons,wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair …

3) Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

No. It wasn't nearby. There is no opposition here.

(16) Somewhere now he is, his little, infinitely dearhim memories that make his heart soften.

4) Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.

Definitely. The physical actions of objects are listed. You can submit a video.

(27) First the tank stopped, before reaching the group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned was back and became, holding out a tar-black, slightly oscillating smoky torch towards the sky.
(31) Finally she got up, short dashes went to get closer, but at this time tanks Cool
turned around, moved back, leaving six burning and damaged cars on the slope.

5) Sentences 37, 38 present reasoning.

No, there’s not a single thought in anyone’s head. Description with narrative elements.

(37) The heavy smell of burnt iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like scent of burnt grass, filled his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 24

From sentences 34–35, write down one phraseological unit.

This was quite a difficult task. Look at the passage. The phraseological unit is not striking:

(34) Nikolai loaded the empty disks, drank a little disgustingly warmwater from the flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasteda few minutes, but in fact more than half an hour has passed since the start of the attack,
the sun has noticeably leaned towards the west, and its rays have already begun to loserecent evil burning sensation.

The fact is that they are so “overwritten” in our speech due to frequent use that it is sometimes difficult to find them in the text. Here is a list of some commonly used phraseological units that have been found in Unified State Exam tests in recent years.

Answer: actually

24

Among sentences 12–17, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old,who was tending geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, moving slightlywith rosy lips, admiringly looking at those passing byRed Army soldiers. (13) A Nikolai looked intently at him and in amazementHe opened his eyes wide: how similar! (14) Same as the older onelittle sons, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair...(15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and throughout the small densityknocked down figurine. (16) Somewhere He now, his little, infinitely dearNikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look at the boy again, sostrikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: they don’t needto him Memories that make your heart soften.

Let's highlight all the personal pronouns and look for conjunctions nearby. One could mistake the word “somewhere” for a conjunction and make a mistake. Remember: there are no conjunctions with a hyphen.

Answer: 13

25

“M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expression: (A)________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B)_______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here they play an important role trails: (B)_______ (“evil burning” in sentence 35) and (D)________ (“tongues of flame rushed about” in sentence 38).”

List of terms:
1) dialogue
2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
5) parcellation
6) anaphora

8) comparison

First of all, let's see what tips the test compilers gave us. We need to find 2 syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

So. What syntactic features do we have on the list?

5) parcellation
6) anaphora
7) exclamatory sentences
9) interrogative sentences

What are the trails?

2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
8) comparison

If you don't know how to use the hints, download the table. Download the table of terms correspondence

The terms A and B are easy to define. Let's look at sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamatory. Answer 7. 6 and 11 are interrogative. You don't even need to think. Kindergarten level.

Let's deal with the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the proposed phrases. The comparison is a little more difficult. Metaphor is also a comparison, only hidden. Anyone who did not work much with the means of expression could freeze. In a comparison it is always written what is being compared and with what. Here the flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But only “reeds” are written, only what is compared with. Let's look at the formal signs of comparison. There are no words like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, what. There is no instrumental case. There's definitely no comparison here.
This means that the correct answers are epithet and metaphor. B is an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning here), G is a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7923

Composition

To the first problem

If you write about heroism, omit the episode with the boy, focus on the description of the battle, the wounded commander, etc. It must be shown that the victory was achieved at a high cost and thanks to the perseverance of the people.

There are a lot of arguments. Take any books from the Soviet period about the war.

P.S. For yourself, you must understand that there is actually no problem here. Heroism is a topic, but FIPI in such cases wants it to be called a problem.

On to the second problem.

The author is sure that the soldier’s state of mind depends on his memories. In this passage we see the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. He was overwhelmed with memories of home. The idea of ​​home, family, love for children became the spiritual support of the soldier.

Arguments can be taken from “War and Peace” (Nikolai Rostov), ​​“And the dawns here are quiet...” (memories of girls), from the Stories of Lev Kassil (for example, “The Story of the Absent One”).

In many of Sholokhov's works about the war, the emphasis is on the preservation of the human in man ("The Birthmark", "The Foal", "The Shibalkovo Seed", "The Fate of a Man"). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with works that affirmed faith in a person who retained a moral core in war. And the idea of ​​home, family, love for children became the spiritual support of the soldier. All of the stories listed above have this. And “They Defended the Motherland” is no exception.

On to the third problem.

In war, their own laws, and memories of home, family, and children distracted soldiers from the idea that a sense of duty and responsibility to the Motherland was above all else. The episode of the meeting with the boy is both a test of your ability to pull yourself together when you are responsible to the Motherland, and at the same time motivation: for whom you bear this responsibility. (For comment we refer to proposals No. 5 and No. 18-19).

Why did the boy wave his hand? He believes in the soldier protector; he is a role model for him. Therefore, Sagittarius must correspond to this image.

P.S. 2 Please note : the second and third positions contradict each other. But it is possible to prove both.

If you have problems highlighting problems (sorry for the tautology), listen to the recordings of the webinars “Composition in the Unified State Exam” with Yulia Krasovskikh.
If you don’t know how to select your arguments, you are welcome to take Svetlana Guzaevskaya’s course “Argumentation in the Unified State Examination Essay.”
By the way, the authors of these courses check the work of those who bought the webinar recordings. You will receive a review via private message on VK and will be able to ask questions about your essay.

Secondary general education

Russian language

Analysis of the early version of the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language

Part 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, astronomy was faced with more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods. (3)<...>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.


2. The emergence and development of astronomy is closely related to the practical needs of man, requiring more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, in connection with which the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and more advanced mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.


3. With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with tasks that required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.


4. The origin and development of astronomy is explained by human needs, which required more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.


5. The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Completing the task:
It is recommended to find two identical statements before reading the text. To do this, you first need to highlight the keywords. In this task, options 2 and 4 are almost completely identical. But you should still read the text itself to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 2, 4

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2. Which of the following words (combination of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
That's why
Although
Despite this,
However

Completing the task:
If it is difficult to grasp the shades of meaning of the auxiliary parts of speech, then a hint can be found in the previous task. It is easy to guess that the combination of words “in connection with which” replaces the meaning of the word “therefore”.

Answer: therefore

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.

1. Among the nobility: a narrow circle of selected people. Accepted in society. Be in society.


2. A voluntary, permanent association of people to achieve a goal. O. book lovers. All-Russian o. nature conservation. Sports societies.


3. This or that environment of people, company. Get into a bad place. The soul of society.


4. A set of people united by historically determined social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal o. Capitalist o.


5. someone or something Living together with someone. To shun someone's. society. In the company of old friends.

Completing the task:
Words with multiple meanings in each text are used, as a rule, only in one of their meanings (unless, of course, the author tried to create a play on words). In order to understand in what meaning the word “society” is used in the sentence “With the development of society, more and more new tasks were put forward for astronomy,” we highlight the key words in each of the five interpretations. The fifth point definitely does not suit us: we are talking about the development of society, and staying together cannot develop. The first four meanings can be grouped according to a common feature - the unification of people. If the text talks about a change in science, then it means a long period of time. A narrow circle of the chosen (point 1), a voluntary association (point 2) and a company (point 3) could not last so long. As the only correct one, only option 4 remains.

Answer: 4

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

mosaic
It will make it easier
convening
locked
facilities

Completing the task:
Most likely, in the exam you will have to choose from the words “mosaic” and “facilitate”. It can be confusing to hear that many people say it will make it easier. In this case, when performing this task, it is appropriate to remember the poem: “We must treat wounds in order to alleviate suffering,”
And, of course, don’t forget that verbs often have stress on the last syllable.

Answer: mosaic

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was given the floor, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one assist.
The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities of talented students for professional growth and INVENTIVE activities.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFLOW with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him nationwide love and fame.

Completing the task:
The word “inventive” can only be used in relation to a person: an inventive student. Activity can be inventive.
Let us recall the meanings of these paronyms - words that are similar in sound and morphemic composition, but differ in lexical meaning:

Inventive- resourceful, quick to invent, capable of inventing: inventive housewife, inventive craftsman, inventive child.
Inventive- related to invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

Get well soon
BAKE A pie
BOTH tables
Foliage sways
famous CONSTRUCTORS

Completing the task:
The word "tables" is masculine, and the form "both" is suitable for it. For “shelves” or “couches” the form “both” would be suitable, since these words are feminine.
It’s hard to make a mistake with the word “designer” - almost no one says that.
Spelling the words “speedy” and “waves” doesn’t seem difficult, because that’s what we say. But there is clearly a mistake in the word “bake”.
Let's remember:
When conjugating the verb BAKE, the correct form is: BAKE. At the same time: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

Answer: bake

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Grammatical errors:

A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

D) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

D) violation of the aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms of the Sentence

Offers:

1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in.

2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as modern art.

3) Russian teachers annually hold professional competitions, during which they share their accumulated work experience with each other.

4) There weren’t that many people who didn’t visit the art gallery.

5) The buds of carnations, which had not yet fully blossomed, swayed on thin legs.

6) Thanks to the use of innovative technologies, the quality of products has significantly increased.

7) The confidence that any newborn necessarily speaks some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments.

8) The young performer not only loved classical music, but also jazz.

9) Having changed the name of the play, a new poster was prepared.

Completing the task:
It is best to solve this task gradually: by eliminating simple and accurate answer options.
First, let's figure out what is easiest to find.
Point A is an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members. This formulation fits many variants of errors that are associated with homogeneous members. Therefore, it is not worth starting implementation from this point.

It is best to start with point B - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Most often, the correct answer is given by the prepositions thanks to, according to, in spite of, in spite of, which require the dative case form. Other derivative prepositions are more rare: upon arrival, upon departure. And in paragraph 6 we see: “Through use.” The Dative form must be "using".
B - 6

Then we will look for participial and participial phrases. This is not difficult: there is only one participial phrase in this task - in paragraph 5. In the sentence under this paragraph, an obvious inconsistency of words is visible.
G - 5

Let's remember the questions of the gerund: doing what? what did you do? There are two adverbial phrases here. You need to choose from the proposals under points 1 and 9. We highlight the revolutions and the basics. Now we need to make sure that these offers are not impersonal. If there is an impersonal sentence, then this will definitely be a mistake, because in such sentences adverbial phrases are not used. An important point to pay attention to: the action described in the adverbial phrase must be performed by the one named in the subject: We could arrive at the unit (point 1), but the poster could not change the name (point 9).
AT 9

It is also not difficult to detect a violation of the aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms. You need to highlight the verbs in the remaining sentences and pay attention to their forms. Now we find a temporary or aspectual discrepancy: spend - present tense, divide - past tense.
D - 3

Points 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 remain.
There are no homogeneous members in sentences 1, 4 and 7. 2 and 8 left.
In sentence 2, the “and also” is alarming. There are sentences with the non-existent conjunction “not only, ... and also.” There is no “not only” here, which means this is the right option.
The predicate and object in sentence 8 cannot possibly be homogeneous!
A - 8

Answer:
A - 8
B - 6
AT 9
G - 5
D - 3

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8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
this...cat
p..rket

Completing the task:
From the entire list of words, the test can only be found for the word “ecology”: ecologist.

Answer: ecology

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

ra..put, and..deed
continuous, constant, continuous battle
nen..sighty, z..go
ra..count and..give
o..pulled, on..bit

Completing the task:
To solve this task, remember the spelling of prefixes:

• located, calculate - C is written before deaf people;


• izdatelya, izdat - Z is written before voiced ones;


• The prefixes OT- and NAD- do not change: pulled away, bitten;


• continuous - the prefix PR- appears in the meaning of “interruption”;


• surf - the prefix PRI- is used to mean “approaching”;


• the prefixes NA- and ZA- do not change.

Answer: beloved, come in

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

hardy
sloppy
implied..shaft
abandoned
coloring

Completing the task:
When completing this task and task No. 11, you can pronounce the words, then you will probably hear which letter is written in the word: implied. But you also need to remember that the suffixes -CHIV- and -LIV- are written with I. It is also recommended to repeat the spelling of verb suffixes.

Answer: implied

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answers to control and close knowledge gaps

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

make...sew
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappeared..sh
much..my

“Missed” and “disappear” can be heard very clearly, but other words can be pronounced differently. It is best to explain the spelling of a particular letter:

• If you make it - an exception, 1 reference. (to shave to lay, to lay down), in the personal ending it is written E.


• Missed is a passive participle, the infinitive Skip does not begin with -at/-yat, so the suffix is ​​written -EN(N)-.


• If you disappear, what will you do? what to do? -disappear. 1 ref, in the personal ending it is written E.


• Unacceptable, tormented: suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles -EM-/-IM- are checked by conjugation. Torture - 2 reps.

Answer: tormented

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the highlighted word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Willow vines and oak leaves shine like lips (not) wiped with a hand.
We were left in (UN)CONSISTENCY when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) RECOGNIZING their purpose, the heroes of A.P.’s plays. Chekhov often live their lives meaninglessly.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
The small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTICED by anyone.

Completing the task:
When performing this task, you need to check whether each specific word is used without NOT. The word "doubt" does not exist. So this is the correct answer.
Let's check the remaining words:

• not wiped by hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words;


• without realizing - not with a gerund;


• not dug up - not with a short communion.

Answer: perplexed

13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

1. (FOR)THEN he turned the compass ruler (IN)THE direction in which the boy disappeared.


2. THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom’s face as at our first meeting, (WHILE) even his eyes expressed the same confidence.


3. I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I wouldn’t catch Nikolai Antonovich.


4. (C) FOR some time, Vera receives ardent and passionate love letters from a person unknown to her, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.


5. Onegin, JUST like the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (NOT) sees nothing in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Completing the task:
It is best to do the task using this algorithm:

1. Find words that are without any doubt written with a hyphen: something, -or, -something, after all, double adverbs. We will not find such words in this particular task.


2. See if there are words that are clearly written separately. These are prepositions with nouns and pronouns, the words “just”, “anyway”, “as if”, “whether”. The proposal from point No. 1 is definitely not suitable. “In that” will not be combined in any case, because it is a preposition with a pronoun.


3. Now you can find the words “During(s)” and “in continuation(s)”. They are often found in such tasks, and in any case are written separately. Proposition 4 can be crossed out.


4. You need to see if the task contains the words WHAT(WHAT), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). As a rule, there should be no difficulties with them either. It is important to determine whether the particle can be removed. As a result, it turns out that proposals 2 and 5 are not suitable.

Now you need to check the remaining option: “immediately” is written together, from “so that” the “would” cannot be removed or rearranged.

Answer: immediately, so that

14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place N is written.

At the celebration of the (1) ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, a (3) fiery speech was made, which made a strong impression on the home front workers (5) gathered in the hall.

Completing the task:
The task is not difficult, here you need to remember the spelling of each word:

• solemn, state, fiery - suffix -ENN- in denominate adjectives;


• pronounced - short participle with N;


• for a worker - (one N) the spelling of this word must be remembered.

Answer: 3.5

15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons and gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future.


2. The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.


3. The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.


4. Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered through his head.


5. The air is light and clean and the river is frozen.

Completing the task:
To correctly place punctuation marks, we determine the composition of the sentences:

1. A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons, giving rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future. This sentence contains homogeneous predicates.


2. The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Here we see a repeating conjunction.


3. The language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Again we notice repeated conjunctions.


4. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered through his head. Here we see three homogeneous members with a double union.


5. The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. And this is a compound sentence.

Answer: 1.5

The reference book is intended to prepare high school graduates for the Unified State Exam (USE) in the Russian language. The publication contains theoretical material on all sections of the school course of the Russian language in grades 6-11, recommendations for completing tasks of parts of all types of parts 1 and 2 of the examination paper. The practical part includes samples of test tasks that are close in volume, structure and selected material to the control measurement materials of the unified state exam. The answers to the test tasks are given at the end of the manual.

16. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Having completed the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked champignons to the dish.

Completing the task:
First, we highlight the participial phrase.
In this sentence, participial phrases come before the words being defined. The defined words here are not personal pronouns. The participial phrases in this sentence have no additional meanings, which means there is no reason to isolate these phrases.

Answer: 1

17. Place all missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is bright and cold.
The thoughtful Georgian forged you for revenge,
The free Circassian was preparing for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) a pledge of love (6) dumb (7)
And the example for the wanderer in you is not useless:
Yes, I will not change and will be strong in soul,
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Completing the task:
Here it is worth reading the poem carefully to the end. In this case, you can highlight requests. You should not snatch individual words from the poem without reading the entire line. You need to think about the meaning of the last two lines: after all, if you put a comma in place (9), it turns out that the lyrical hero himself consists of iron.

Answer: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8

The publication will help high school students prepare for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The book will help you quickly and effectively repeat and summarize educational material. The manual includes theoretical material on all topics of the Unified State Exam. Questions, tasks and exercises will help consolidate knowledge. The answers to the most difficult tasks are given at the end of the book. The publication was prepared in accordance with modern requirements of the school curriculum of secondary (complete) general education.

18. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Since then, every time (1) when we encounter a composer somewhere (2) he cannot remember this incident (3) of which (4) we have become unwitting witnesses without laughing.

Completing the task:
This task is a little more difficult than all the almost identical tasks number 18 that can be found in CIMs. Here it is important to emphasize the basics and draw an outline of the sentence. This will make it easier to place punctuation marks. It must be remembered that in the sentences from this task the pronoun “which” will always be inside the subordinate clause.

[Since then, every time (when we encounter the composer somewhere), he cannot remember this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 1, 2, 3

19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they missed school.

Completing the task:
Here we see the junction of conjunctions: coordinating and subordinating. It is difficult to know whether a comma should be used in case number (2). To do this, you need to mentally remove the subordinate clause and see how the sentence will be perceived without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them...

The sentence reads normally, so the comma number (2) should be there.

Another difficulty lies in the fact that this is a subordinate clause with the conjunction LI. Not everyone recognizes it; it is rare.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (if they missed school).

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

20. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

Completing the task:
Many people had problems with this task, as with task No. 6.
There are many synonyms in the Russian language, and this sentence can be corrected in different ways. They win medals, but certainly not records. Therefore, the words “beaten”, “installed”, “set” are suitable here.

Answer: beat, set, set

Read the text and complete tasks 21–26.

(1) Captain Sumskov quickly looked at the Red Army soldiers lined up and, slightly worried, said: “Comrades!” (2) An order was received: take up defense at a height located behind the farm, at the intersection of roads. (3) Defend the height until reinforcements arrive. (4) Is the task clear? (5) We have lost a lot in recent days, but we have preserved the banner of the regiment; we must also preserve the honor of the regiment. (6) We will hold out until the last! (7) The infantry regiment set out from the farmstead. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said: “Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but retreating with it is simply God forbid!” (9) Do you think we will resist? (10) Nikolai nodded decisively. - (11) We must resist! (12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly looking at those passing by on the burnt grass. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope. (39) Nikolai did not hear the earth-shaking, landslide roar of the explosion, nor did he see the large mass of earth heaving heavily up next to him. (40) A compressed, tight wave of hot air swept the embankment of the front parapet into the trench and forcefully threw back Nikolai’s head. (41) Nikolai woke up when the planes, having dumped their cargo in two passes, had long since departed and the German infantry, having launched the third attack, approached the defense line almost closely, preparing for the decisive throw. (42) A fierce battle raged around Nikolai. (43) Only a few soldiers of the regiment held out with their last strength; their fire weakened: there were few people left capable of defending themselves; already on the left flank hand grenades were used; the survivors were already preparing to meet the Germans with a final bayonet strike. (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked heavily on his wounded leg, holding a banner in one hand, with the other pressing a machine gun pointed forward to his side; The wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of a trench smashed by a shell... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from the height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a speck of blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, broken voice: - Oreliki! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

(According to M.A. Sholokhov⃰)

⃰ Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1906–1984) - Russian Soviet writer, film scriptwriter, journalist, war correspondent, Nobel Prize laureate in literature.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

Completing the task:
You need to find and underline words from this task in the text.

1. After the shell exploded, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.
   This statement corresponds to the sentence in the text:

   (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked heavily on his wounded leg, holding a banner in one hand, with the other pressing a machine gun pointed forward to his side; crawled out of the broken
   Captain Sumskov was wounded by a trench shell... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from the height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a speck of blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, broken voice:
   - Oreliki! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!



2. The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted several minutes, but the enemy’s losses were heavy.
   This statement is incorrect:

   (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack,
   The sun had noticeably leaned towards the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.



3. Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.
   

   (7) The infantry regiment set out from the farmstead. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said:
   - Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but God forbid retreating with it! (9) Do you think we will resist?
   (10) Nikolai nodded decisively.



4. In harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.
   This statement corresponds to the sentence:

   (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar! (14) The same as his eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive resemblance both in his facial features and throughout his small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would make his heart soften.



5. Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army soldiers defending the heights.
   The text only talks about German tanks, so such a statement is considered inappropriate.

Answer: 1, 3, 4

22. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.

2) Sentences 12, 14 contain a description.

3) Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

4) Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.

5) Sentences 37, 38 present the reasoning

Completing the task:

1. Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.

   If you don’t read it carefully, it seems that everything is so: the text asks a question and gives an answer to it. But you need to read it carefully - then it becomes clear that the hero is answering a completely different question.



2. Sentences 12 and 14 contain description.

   It's right:

   (12) Near the windmill, a barefoot, white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly looking at the Red Army soldiers passing by.
   (14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair...



3. Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

   Let's re-read sentences 16 and 17. Obviously, this statement is false:

   (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would soften his heart.



4. Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.

   This statement is true, because. The sentence lists the physical actions:

   (27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood holding a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch towards the sky.
   (31) Finally she got up and in short dashes began to approach, but at this time the tanks
   turned around and moved back, leaving six burning and damaged cars on the slope.



5. Sentences 37, 38 present the reasoning.

   Wrong. Sentences 37 and 38 do not present a reasoning, but a description with elements of a narrative.

   (37) The heavy smell of burnt iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like scent of burnt grass, filled his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 2, 4

23. From sentences 34–35, write down one phraseological unit.

Completing the task:
The task is not easy, because if you look at the proposed fragment of text, the phraseology is not immediately noticeable:

(34) Nikolai loaded the empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from the flask, and looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack, the sun had noticeably sank to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.
Due to their frequent use in speech, some phraseological units are “lost” in the text, and it is very difficult to recognize them right away.

Answer: actually

24. Among sentences 12–17, find the one(s) that is related to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar he is! (14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and in the entire small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would soften his heart.

Completing the task:
You need to find all the personal pronouns in this piece of text, and then look for conjunctions. We see that sentence (13) contains both.

Answer: 13

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 21–24. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 25, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

The manual has been prepared in accordance with the mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in the Russian language, contains all the material necessary for a student to independently prepare for the Unified State Exam: theory, including easy-to-memorize tables, as well as a practical part, with examples exam exercises and their step-by-step analysis. The attached CD contains not only a training test in the Unified State Exam format, but also intermediate testing for each chapter of the manual, which will allow the student to organize independent work to test their own knowledge. The program automatically checks the correctness of completion of exam tasks, which allows you to control the level of preparation for the exam.

25. “M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expression: (A)________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B)_______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here the following tropes play an important role: (B)_______ (“evil burningness” in sentence 35) and (D)________ (“tongues of flame rushed about” in sentence 38).”

List of terms:

1) dialogue

2) epithet

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

5) parcellation

6) anaphora

8) comparison

Completing the task:
First you need to see what tips the test writers gave. So, we need to find two syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

Let's look at the list.
What syntactic means of expression can we find?

5) parcellation

6) anaphora

7) exclamatory sentences

9) interrogative sentences

What are the trails?

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

8) comparison

The terms under points A and B are easy to define. Let's find sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamatory. Sentences 6 and 11 are interrogative, this is obvious.

Let's move on to the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the above phrases. When it comes to comparison, things are a little more complicated. After all, a metaphor, for example, is also a comparison, but a hidden one. In comparison, it is always obvious what is being compared to what. In the text, flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But we see only the “reeds” - that with which it is compared. If we talk about the formal signs of comparison, we will see that there are no words like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, that. And there is no instrumental case. Therefore, it can be argued that there is no comparison here.

It turns out that the correct answers are an epithet and a metaphor. B is an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning here), G is a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7, 9, 2, 3

The textbook, which is part of the “Algorithm for Success” educational and methodological kits, is intended for high school students studying Russian language and literature at both a basic and advanced level. Contains expanded theoretical material, creative tasks, and exercises aimed at preparing for the Unified State Exam. The textbook implements the modern cultural and creative model of education.

Part 2

26. Essay

First problem
Having touched on the topic of heroism in the essay, it is better to omit the episode with the boy. But the description of the battle, the wounded commander and other suitable phenomena should be given more attention. In a word, we need to emphasize that victory was achieved at a high price thanks to the perseverance and courage of the people.
For argumentation, you can take any books from the Soviet period about the war.

Second problem
According to the author, the soldier’s state of mind is connected with his memories. This fragment of text shows the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. Memories of home overwhelmed him. Home, family and love were the spiritual support for a soldier.
You can cite arguments from “War and Peace” (Nikolai Rostov) and “And the dawns here are quiet...” (memories of girls), as well as from the Stories of Lev Kassil (for example, “The Story of the Absent One”).
In many works about the war, Sholokhov focuses on the preservation of the human in man (“Mole”, “Foal”, “Shibalkovo’s Seed”, “The Fate of a Man”). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with his works, which affirm faith in a person who retains a moral core in war.

Third problem
The life of a soldier in war differs from the peaceful life of an ordinary person, so memories of home, family and children could distract soldiers from the idea that duty to the Motherland is above all else. In the episode of the meeting with the boy, we see a test of the ability to pull oneself together when a soldier is responsible to the Motherland. Of course, this episode also contains motivation: for whom exactly is he responsible? (For comment, you can refer to proposals No. 5 and No. 18-19).
The boy waved his hand. He believes in a soldier who will protect him. A soldier is an example to follow. Of course, Streltsov must correspond to this image.

Important note: The second and third problems are opposed to each other. However, it is possible to prove both positions.

Take the test “Demonstration version of control measurement materials of the 2018 Unified State Exam in the Russian language” online

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Unified State Exam 2018 Russian language online free

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 1” online

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Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 2” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 3” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 4” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 5” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 6” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 7” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 8” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 9” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test “Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training option No. 10” online

Russian language | Unified State Exam 2018

The solution to the 2018 Unified State Exam online test in the Russian language introduces schoolchildren to the tasks of this Unified State Exam and helps them master the necessary skills in solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and monitor students. The training version of the Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Options for the Unified State Exam in Russian

To easily prepare for exams and correctly complete the exam work for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, we included in the “Options” section:

1. In Russian.
2. and how task 27 will be tested - essay.
3. A complete list of topics that will appear in this year’s Unified State Examination is indicated in the assignments.
4. A collection of 10 online practice tests with answers and solutions and the ability to download in PDF format.

Unified State Examination tests in the Russian language 2019 consist of two parts:

• Part 1 contains 26 short answer tasks. The answer to tasks is given in the form of a number or word, written without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
• Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Converting points to grades:

• “Two” - from 0 to 35 points;
• "Troika" - 36-57;
• "Four" - 58-71;
• “Excellent” - 72 and above.

Minimum the number of points for admission to the university is 36.
Maximum primary score – 58.
Duration exam – 210 minutes (3.5 hours).
Maximum quantity points for essay– 24. The number of points given for each criterion is disclosed in detail.

• Solve Unified State Exam tests in the Russian language online - this will help you navigate the tasks, monitor and eliminate gaps in knowledge. Theoretical material and practical tasks were selected by the teacher.
• Download the demo version for 2019, it will be useful in preparing for the exam.
• Solve 1-3 options every week.