I will solve the Unified State Exam Russian language new options.

Unified State Exam 2018 in Russian. Early option. Answers and explanations

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, astronomy was faced with more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods. (3)<…>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.
2) The emergence and development of astronomy closely related to practicalhuman needs requiring more perfect waysobservations and calculation methods, in connection with which began to be createdthe simplest astronomical instruments and are being developed moreadvanced mathematical methods for processing observations.
3) With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.
4) Origin and development of astronomy explained human needs, who demanded more advanced observation methods and methodscalculations, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and
develop mathematical methods for processing observations.
5) The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

We recommend do not read the text first, but find two identical statements. To do this, you should emphasize the keywords. This is often not easy to do. But in this task, FIPI decided to play giveaway. Options 2 and 4 are almost completely the same. Find, as they say, 10 differences. Of course, you should still read the text to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 24

2

Which of the following words (combination of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
That's why
Although
Despite this,
However

If Russian is not your native language and you do not understand the nuances of the meanings of the functional parts of speech, the hint can be easily found in the previous task. In our correct option 2 there are the words “in connection with which”, replacing the meaning of the word “therefore”.

Answer: therefore

3

Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.
1) Among the nobility: narrow coolG selected of people. Accepted in society. Be in society.
2) Voluntary, permanent bringing people together to achieve any goal. O. book lovers. All-Russian o. nature conservation. Sports societies.
3) One or the other Wednesday of people, company . Get into a bad place. The soul of society.
4) collection of people, united by historically determined social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal o. Capitalist o.
5) someone or something. Shared stay with someone To shun someone's. society. In the company of old friends.

Polysemantic words in each specific text are used only in one of their meanings (unless this is an intentional play on words). What is the meaning of the word "society" in the sentence " With developmentsociety Astronomy was faced with more and more new challenges."? We emphasize the key words in each interpretation (the section is in bold). The fifth point disappears immediately. We are talking about the development of society, but staying together cannot develop in any way. The first four meanings can be attributed to one general category - the unification of people. Let's look at what characterizes each association (highlighted in green). Since the whole science has managed to change, the text is talking about a long time and historical processes. A narrow circle of the elite, a voluntary association and company would not have lasted that long. That leaves option 4.

Answer: 4

4.

In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

Mosaic
It will make it easier
convening
locked
facilities

It's unlikely that anyone hasn't already memorized how to say the last three words. They are somehow well-known. In the exam, most likely you would have to choose from the first two words. Indeed, many around say “it will make it easier.”
Perhaps someone will remember the memory poem: “Wounds must be treated in order to alleviate suffering,” and someone will remember that the verbs that come across in this task often have stress on the last syllable.

If question 4 causes you difficulty, purchase ours, and you will be happy. In an hour you will remember all the correct accents.

Answer: mosaic.

5.

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was given the floor, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one assist.
The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities of talented students for professional growth and INVENTIVE activities.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFLOW with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him nationwide love and fame.

This task turned out to be easy. It is the person who is inventive, not the activity. To understand this, you need to know the meanings of paronyms:

Inventive– resourceful, quick to think, capable of inventing: inventive housewife, inventive craftsman, inventive child.
Inventive-related to invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6

In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

Get well soon
BAKE A pie
BOTH tables
Foliage sways
famous CONSTRUCTORS

The tables are m.r., so the “both” shape is just right. “Both” would be suitable for “beds” or “bedside tables.”
Constructors or constructor? We check the plate in the directory. In general, few people say “designer”; it’s hard to make a mistake. You can get into trouble with doctors, professors and paramedics. Learn the material!
“Soonest” and “swaying” are generally beyond doubt. That's what we say.
When conjugating the verb BAKE, the correct forms are BAKE, but: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

To prepare for this task, you may find our Word Forms guide useful (it's free).
We have a recording of the webinar “Task 6 in the Unified State Exam” on our website. Buy and watch the recording.

Answer: bake

Grammatical errors

A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

D) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

D) violation of aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms

Offers

1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in.

2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as modern art.

3) Russian teachers carry out annually professional competitions, during which shared each other based on their accumulated work experience.

4) There weren’t that many people who didn’t visit the art gallery.

5) Carnation buds swayed on thin legs, not yet fully blossomed we're here.

6) Thanks to used and I innovative technologies have significantly improved the quality of products.

7) The confidence that any newborn necessarily speaks some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments.

8) Young performer Not only loved classical music but also jazz

9) Changing the title of the play, was prepared new poster.

We recommend solving this task like Sudoku, gradually eliminating simple and accurate answer options.

We look at the right column and choose what is easiest to find. Under A - an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members. This formulation covers a dozen types of errors associated with homogeneous terms. Never start from such a point.

We think it’s easier to start with B - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Usually the correct answer is given by prepositions thanks to, according to, in spite of, contrary to, requiring the dative case. Other derivative prepositions are less common - upon arrival, upon departure. And we just have " Thanks to used and I" In d.p. would be use. So we found the error. Don’t forget to cross out B and 6 so that these texts no longer bother you.

Now let's look for participial and participial phrases. That's easy too.
We have only one participial phrase - in sentence 5. We read, we see that it is written completely crookedly. The inconsistency of words is striking.

Let us recall the questions of gerunds: doing what? what did you do? There are two participial phrases. We choose from sentences 1 and 9. We emphasize the revolutions, we emphasize the basics. We make sure that the offers are not impersonal. If you see something impersonal, there is definitely a mistake there. Participial phrases cannot be used in impersonal sentences. Now we make sure that the action described in the adverbial phrase is performed by the one named in the subject. We could arrive at the unit, but the poster could not change the name.

Violation of the aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms is also quite easy to find. We underline the verbs in the remaining sentences and look at their forms. We are looking for temporal or species diversity. .
We find a discrepancy: carried out - n.v., divided - p.v.

And now we have the most difficult task left, but now there are half as many offers. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 left.
In 1, 4 and 7 there are no homogeneous members at all. 2 and 8 left.
In the second sentence, the “and also” should immediately alert you. Sometimes you come across sentences with the non-existent conjunction “not only, ... and also”. But there is no “not only” here. This is the right option.
Let's look at the homogeneous members of sentence 8. Fathers! This is a predicate and an addition! They cannot be homogeneous!

Answer:

A	B	IN	G	D
8	6	9	5	3

Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
this...cat
p..rket

The test word is matched to only one: ecology - ecologist.

Answer: ecology

Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

Ra..laid, and..delivery
continuous, constant, continuous battle
nen..sighty, z..go
ra..count and..give
o..pulled, on..bit

Positioned, calculated - S in front of the deaf,
Product, edit - Z before voiced ones,
The prefixes OT and NAD do not change.
continuous - the meaning of the prefix PRE - an interruption close to PRE.
surf - the meaning of the prefix PR - approaching.
The prefixes NA and ZA do not change and are always written this way.

Answer: beloved come in

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

Hardy
sloppy
implied..shaft
abandoned
coloring

This and task 11 are best completed by pronouncing the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear the correct version. Well, you can hear: implied. Of course, you can learn that the suffixes CHIV and LIV are written with I and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.

Answer: implied.

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

Make...sew
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappeared..sh
much..my

It's a little more difficult to hear here. “Missed” and “disappear” can be heard clearly, the rest can be pronounced in different ways. So let's explain each letter.

If you make it - excl. shave, lay, lay - 1 spr, in the personal end E.
omitted - p. parable, infinitive Skip is not in At-Yat, so we write the suffix EN(N)
If you disappear, what will you do? what to do - disappeared ugh. 1st book, in personal ending E.
unacceptable, tormented - suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles EM/IM are checked by conjugation. Torture - 2 reps.

Answer: tormented.

Determine the sentence in which NOT and the highlighted word are written CONCLUSION. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Willow vines and oak leaves shine like lips (not) wiped with a hand.
We were left in (UN)CONSISTENCY when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) RECOGNIZING their purpose, the heroes of A.P.’s plays. Chekhov often live their lives meaninglessly.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
The small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTICED by anyone.

When completing task 12, first of all, always check each word to see if it is used without NOT. There is no word "doubt". The answer lay on the surface.
To be sure, check the remaining words:
not wiped by hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words,
without realizing - not with a gerund,
not dug up - not with a short communion.

Answer: perplexed

Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

1. (THEN) he turned the compass ruler (IN) THE direction in which the boy disappeared.

2. THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom’s face as at our first meeting, (WHILE) even his eyes expressed the same confidence.

3. I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I wouldn’t catch Nikolai Antonovich.

4. (C) FOR some time, Vera receives ardent and passionate love letters from a person unknown to her, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.

5. Onegin, JUST like the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (NOT) sees nothing in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Be sure to separate the sentences with parentheses before completing this task. Make sure there are five of them.

We propose an algorithm:

1. First, find words that are exactly written with a hyphen: something, -that, -or, -anything, after all, double adverbs (this is easier). But there are none here.
2. See if there are words that are definitely written separately. Prepositions with nouns and pronouns, words just, anyway, as if, or something. Sentence 1 can be crossed out. “In that” will never be cohesive. Preposition with pronoun.
3. Find the words “During(s)” and “in continuation(s)”. They are often given and are always written separately, regardless of the meaning. There is such a thing. Proposition 4 can be crossed out.
4. See if there are words THAT(WOULD), SAME(SAME) and SO(SAME). Everything is simple with them too. See if you can remove the particle. Proposals 2 and 5 are eliminated.

That's it, there's only one option left. But let’s check just in case: “immediately” is written together, it is impossible to remove or rearrange the “would” from “so that”.

Answer: immediately

Indicate all numbers replaced by N.

At the celebration of the (1) ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, a (3) fiery speech was made, which made a strong impression on the home front workers (5) gathered in the hall.

There are no special tricks here. We simply explain each word according to the rules.
solemn, state, fiery - suff. ENN in denominate adjectives,
pronounced - short participle with N,
The swindler stole one N from a worker.

If you can’t beat N and NN, try our simulator

Answer: 35

Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) A heartfelt love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons and gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future.
2) The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.
3) The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.
4) Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered through his head.
5) The air is light and clean and the river is frozen.

1) A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons, giving rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future. Homogeneous predicates.
2) The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Repeating conjunction.
3) Language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Repeated conjunctions again.
4) Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered through his head. Three homogeneous members with a double union.
5) The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. SSP.

Answer: 15 (what symmetry: task 15 and answer 15!)

Having completed the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked champignons to the dish.

We highlight the participial phrase.
Participial phrases before defined words. The defined words are not personal pronouns. Revolutions have no additional meaning. There is no reason to isolate these turns.

Answer: 1

Place all missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is bright and cold.
The thoughtful Georgian forged you for revenge,
The free Circassian was preparing for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) a pledge of love (6) dumb (7)
And the example for the wanderer in you is not useless:
Yes, I will not change and will be strong in soul,
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

If you carefully read the poem to the end, you can easily highlight the appeals. Those who made mistakes in this task were those who caught the words with their eyes and did not finish reading the lines.
Of course, we also need to think about the meaning of the last lines. If you put a ninth comma, it turns out that the lyrical hero wants to become iron in the literal sense.

Answer: 24578

Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Since then, every time (1) when we encounter a composer somewhere (2) he cannot remember this incident (3) of which (4) we have become unwitting witnesses without laughing.

It should be noted that this task is a little more complicated than those almost identical eighteenth tasks that we find in KIMs. You need to emphasize the basics and draw a diagram. The commas will be placed! Well, we remember that in this task the pronoun “which” is always located deep inside the subordinate clause.

[Since then, every time (when we encounter the composer somewhere), he cannot remember this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 123

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they missed school.

Here we have a junction of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. The hardest part is deciding whether to use a second comma. To check this, we mentally take out the subordinate clause and see if the sentence is read normally without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them...

It reads well, so the second comma is needed.
There would be no comma if it were something like this:
I really wanted to see my former classmates, and That I asked them...

Second difficulty: subordinate clause with the conjunction LI. Well, not everyone recognizes him, it’s rare. Learn materiel.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (if they missed school).

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

As we expected, the same problems arose with this task as with task 6 in the OGE. This is all due to the fact that the Russian language has many synonyms and the text can be corrected in different ways. It is clear that records are not won, medals are won. Words suitable for replacement beat, set, set (?). We can only hope that FIPI’s responses will take into account all possible options.

Answer: beaten, established. Perhaps they did.

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

We look for and underline such words or synonyms in the text.

1) After the shell exploded, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.

(44) Having overtakenthe ravine of the fleeing Germans, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets,far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, falling heavily onwounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding a banner in one hand, the otherpressing the machine gun pointed forward to the side;crawled out of the broken
Captain Sumskov was wounded by a trench shell... (45) Leaning on your left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) Not a drop of bloodwas in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and,throwing back my head,shouted in a childish, thin, broken voice:
- Eaglets! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

Right!

2) The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted several minutes, but the enemy’s losses were heavy.

(35) To him the fight seemed to lasta few minutes, but in fact more than half an hour has passed since the start of the attack,
The sun had noticeably leaned towards the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.

No.

3) Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.

(7)Infantry Regiment left the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev pushed Nicholas elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said:
- Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but God forbid retreating with it! (9) Do you think we will resist?
(10)Nikolai nodded decisively.

Right!

4) In harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.

(13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar!(14) The same like the older onesons, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and throughout the small, tightly knit figure. (16) Somewhere he is now, his little, infinitely dearNikolenka Streltsov?(17) I wanted to do it again look at the boy like thatstrikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: not needed before the fightmemories for him, from which the heart softens.

Right!

5) Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army soldiers defending the heights.

There were tanks, but they were German.

Answer: 134

Which of the following statements are true? Please provide numbers
answers.

5) Sentences 37, 38 present the reasoning

1) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.

There were some here. If you don’t read it carefully, everything looks exactly like this: there is a question, there is an answer to it. You have to read it carefully and see that the hero is answering a different question.

2) Sentences 12, 14 contain a description.

There is such a thing.

(12)Near the windmillbarefoot white-headed boyseven years old , Red Army soldiers.
(14) Same as the older onesons,wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair …

3) Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

No. It wasn't nearby. There is no opposition here.

(16) Somewhere now he is, his little, infinitely dearhim memories that make his heart soften.

4) Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.

Definitely. The physical actions of objects are listed. You can submit a video.

(27) First the tank stopped, before reaching the group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned was back and became, holding out a tar-black, slightly oscillating smoky torch towards the sky.
(31) Finally she got up, short dashes went to get closer, but at this time tanks Cool
turned around, moved back, leaving six burning and damaged cars on the slope.

5) Sentences 37, 38 present reasoning.

No, there’s not a single thought in anyone’s head. Description with narrative elements.

(37) The heavy smell of burnt iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like scent of burnt grass, filled his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 24

From sentences 34–35, write down one phraseological unit.

This was quite a difficult task. Look at the passage. The phraseological unit is not striking:

(34) Nikolai loaded the empty disks, drank a little disgustingly warmwater from the flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasteda few minutes, but in fact more than half an hour has passed since the start of the attack,
the sun has noticeably leaned towards the west, and its rays have already begun to loserecent evil burning sensation.

The fact is that they are so “overwritten” in our speech due to frequent use that it is sometimes difficult to find them in the text. Here is a list of some commonly used phraseological units that have been found in Unified State Exam tests in recent years.

List of commonly used phraseological units
Very close - everywhere, often; As if nothing had happened - without being embarrassed; I felt uneasy - anxious, bad; With a clear conscience - without guilt; Keeping up with the times - in accordance with the spirit of the era; Every now and then - often; Spoil the blood - make you worry; My heart trembled - I felt sorry; It catches your eye - becomes noticeable; Once and for all - once; Summer and winter - Always; Take over - win, overtake; Wave your hand - stop hoping for someone’s changes, stop influencing anyone; Keep in mind - keep in sight; There is a speech - They say; My heart sank - about fear; In fact - gain; At full speed - briskly, quickly; You never know - approval, strengthening; From day to day - Always; Not the last word belongs to - strengthening due to a positive assessment of someone; With all my might - fast; What is mochi - with tension, powerfully; How to give a drink, at any cost - definitely, definitely; Occasionally - Sometimes; Out of nowhere - suddenly; Out of the blue - suddenly; All around - everywhere.

List of commonly used phraseological units

Very close - everywhere, often;

As if nothing had happened - without being embarrassed;

I felt uneasy - anxious, bad;

With a clear conscience - without guilt;

Keeping up with the times - in accordance with the spirit of the era;

Every now and then - often;

Spoil the blood - make you worry;

My heart trembled - I felt sorry;

It catches your eye - becomes noticeable;

Once and for all - once;

Summer and winter - Always;

Take over - win, overtake;

Wave your hand - stop hoping for someone’s changes, stop influencing anyone;

Keep in mind - keep in sight;

There is a speech - They say;

My heart sank - about fear;

In fact - gain;

At full speed - briskly, quickly;

You never know - approval, strengthening;

From day to day - Always;

Not the last word belongs to - strengthening due to a positive assessment of someone;

With all my might - fast;

What is mochi - with tension, powerfully;

How to give a drink, at any cost - definitely, definitely;

Occasionally - Sometimes;

Out of nowhere - suddenly;

Out of the blue - suddenly;

All around - everywhere.

Download a more complete list of “worn out” phraseological units

Answer: actually

24

Among sentences 12–17, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old,who was tending geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, moving slightlywith rosy lips, admiringly looking at those passing byRed Army soldiers. (13) A Nikolai looked intently at him and in amazementHe opened his eyes wide: how similar! (14) Same as the older onelittle sons, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair...(15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and throughout the small densityknocked down figurine. (16) Somewhere He now, his little, infinitely dearNikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look at the boy again, sostrikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: they don’t needto him Memories that make your heart soften.

Let's highlight all the personal pronouns and look for conjunctions nearby. One could mistake the word “somewhere” for a conjunction and make a mistake. Remember: there are no conjunctions with a hyphen.

Answer: 13

25

“M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expression: (A)________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B)_______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here they play an important role trails: (B)_______ (“evil burning” in sentence 35) and (D)________ (“tongues of flame rushed about” in sentence 38).”

List of terms:
1) dialogue
2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
5) parcellation
6) anaphora

8) comparison

First of all, let's see what tips the test compilers gave us. We need to find 2 syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

So. What syntactic features do we have on the list?

5) parcellation
6) anaphora
7) exclamatory sentences
9) interrogative sentences

What are the trails?

2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
8) comparison

If you don't know how to use the hints, download the table. Download the table of terms correspondence

The terms A and B are easy to define. Let's look at sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamatory. Answer 7. 6 and 11 are interrogative. You don't even need to think. Kindergarten level.

Let's deal with the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the proposed phrases. The comparison is a little more difficult. Metaphor is also a comparison, only hidden. Anyone who did not work much with the means of expression could freeze. In a comparison it is always written what is being compared and with what. Here the flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But only “reeds” are written, only what is compared with. Let's look at the formal signs of comparison. There are no words like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, what. There is no instrumental case. There's definitely no comparison here.
This means that the correct answers are epithet and metaphor. B is an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning here), G is a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7923

Composition

Approximate range of problems
1. The problem of the heroism of Russian soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (At what cost was the victory over fascism achieved in the Great Patriotic War?)	1. Victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War was achieved at the cost of mass heroism of Soviet soldiers.
2. The problem of preserving humanity, the memory of home, family, children in the heart of a warrior (What allowed the warrior to survive in the conditions of an inhumane war?)	2. The memory of children, family, home, which the soldier stood up to defend, gave him the opportunity to remain human and withstand difficult military trials.
3. The problem of maintaining a sense of duty and responsibility to the Motherland.	3. If a soldier is preparing for battle, he must drown out the spectrum of sentimental qualities in himself so as not to lose vigilance and fighting spirit.

To the first problem

If you write about heroism, omit the episode with the boy, focus on the description of the battle, the wounded commander, etc. It must be shown that the victory was achieved at a high cost and thanks to the perseverance of the people.

There are a lot of arguments. Take any books from the Soviet period about the war.

P.S. For yourself, you must understand that there is actually no problem here. Heroism is a topic, but FIPI in such cases wants it to be called a problem.

On to the second problem.

The author is sure that the soldier’s state of mind depends on his memories. In this passage we see the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. He was overwhelmed with memories of home. The idea of home, family, love for children became the spiritual support of the soldier.

Arguments can be taken from “War and Peace” (Nikolai Rostov), “And the dawns here are quiet...” (memories of girls), from the Stories of Lev Kassil (for example, “The Story of the Absent One”).

In many of Sholokhov's works about the war, the emphasis is on the preservation of the human in man ("The Birthmark", "The Foal", "The Shibalkovo Seed", "The Fate of a Man"). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with works that affirmed faith in a person who retained a moral core in war. And the idea of home, family, love for children became the spiritual support of the soldier. All of the stories listed above have this. And “They Defended the Motherland” is no exception.

On to the third problem.

In war, their own laws, and memories of home, family, and children distracted soldiers from the idea that a sense of duty and responsibility to the Motherland was above all else. The episode of the meeting with the boy is both a test of your ability to pull yourself together when you are responsible to the Motherland, and at the same time motivation: for whom you bear this responsibility. (For comment we refer to proposals No. 5 and No. 18-19).

Why did the boy wave his hand? He believes in the soldier protector; he is a role model for him. Therefore, Sagittarius must correspond to this image.

P.S. 2 Please note : the second and third positions contradict each other. But it is possible to prove both.

The problems were identified by the authors and users of “I Can Write” during a small brainstorming session. Thanks to Dmitry Vasiliev, Irina Ivleva, Marina Balyunova for the ideas.

If you have problems highlighting problems (sorry for the tautology), listen to the recordings of the webinars “Composition in the Unified State Exam” with Yulia Krasovskikh.
If you don’t know how to select your arguments, you are welcome to take Svetlana Guzaevskaya’s course “Argumentation in the Unified State Examination Essay.”
By the way, the authors of these courses check the work of those who bought the webinar recordings. You will receive a review via private message on VK and will be able to ask questions about your essay.

Unified State Exam in Russian language 2018. Option 101. Part 1

The answers to tasks 1–25 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the assignment number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, astronomy was faced with more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.(3)<…>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

№1 Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.
2) The emergence and development of astronomy is closely related to the practical needs of man, requiring more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, in connection with which the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and more advanced mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.
3) With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.
4) The origin and development of astronomy is explained by human needs, which required more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.
5) The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Answer: 24

Explanations:First you need to highlight the key words, and then after reading the text, select two similar sentences in the answers.

№2 Which of the following words (combination of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
After all
That's why
Although
Despite this,
However

Answer: therefore

Explanations:A hint can be found in the first task in sentence 2.The emergence and development of astronomy are closely related to practicalhuman needs, requiring more advanced waysobservations and calculation methods, in connection with which began to be createdthe simplest astronomical instruments and are being developed moreadvanced mathematical methods for processing observations. The combination of words “in connection with which” can be replaced with the word “therefore”.

№3 Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.

1) In the nobility: a narrow circle of selected people. Accepted in society. Be in society.
2) Voluntary, permanent association of people to achieve a goal. O. book lovers. All-Russian o. nature conservation. Sports societies.
3) This or that environment of people, company. Get into a bad place. The soul of society.
4) A set of people united by historically determined social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal o. Capitalist o.
5) someone or something. Living together with someone. To shun someone's. society. In the company of old friends.

Answer: 4

Explanations: With the development of society, astronomy was faced with more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods. The text talks about the development of science, therefore implying a long period of time.

№4 In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

mosaic
It will make it easier
convening
locked
facilities

Answer: mosaic

Explanations: In a word " mosaic» emphasis placed on a syllable with a letter and - mosaic.

№5 One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

Answer: inventive

Explanations: Inventive is correct to use only in relation to a person: an inventive schoolboy. The capabilities of talented students can be expanded through inventive activities.

№6 In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

Get well soon
BAKE A pie
BOTH tables
Foliage sways
famous CONSTRUCTORS

Answer: bake

Explanations: When conjugating the verb BAKE, the correct form is: BAKE. At the same time: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

№7 Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
D) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases
D) violation of aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms

OFFERS

1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in.
2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as modern art.
3) Russian teachers annually hold professional competitions, during which they share their accumulated work experience with each other.
4) There weren’t that many people who didn’t visit the art gallery.
5) The buds of carnations, which had not yet fully blossomed, swayed on thin legs.
6) Thanks to the use of innovative technologies, the quality of products has significantly increased.
7) The confidence that any newborn necessarily speaks some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments.
8) The young performer not only loved classical music, but also jazz.
9) Having changed the name of the play, a new poster was prepared.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 86953

Explanations: B - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Often the correct answer is given by prepositions thanks to, according to, in spite of, contrary to, requiring the dative case form. In sentence 6: “Through use.” The Dative form must be "using". B -6

The participial phrase in this task is in sentence 5. G- 5

The action described in the adverbial phrase is performed by the one named in the subject: The poster could not change the name sentence 9. B - 9

Violation of aspectual-temporal correlation of verb forms of the Sentence. It is recommended to highlight the verbs in the remaining paragraphs and consider their forms. Temporal or aspectual discrepancy: spent - present tense, divided - past tense. D - 3

The remaining sentences are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8. There are no homogeneous members in paragraphs 1, 4 and 7. That leaves 2 and 8. In sentence 2, the “and also” attracts attention. Sometimes there are sentences with a non-existent conjunction “not only, ... and also.” In this case, there is no “not only”, which means that this paragraph was written without errors. The predicate and object in sentence 8 should not be homogeneous. A - 8

№8 Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
this...cat
p..rket

Answer: ecology

Explanations: Of all the words, the test word can only be selected for ecology - ecologist.

№9 Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

ra..put, and..deed
continuous, constant, continuous battle
nen..sighty, z..go
ra..count and..give
o..pulled, on..bit

Answer: beloved, come in

Explanations: located, calculate - C is written before deaf people;
izdatelya, izdat - Z is written before voiced ones;
The prefixes OT- and NAD- do not change: pulled away, bitten;
continuous - the prefix PR- appears in the meaning of “interruption”; surf - the prefix PRI- is used to mean “approaching”; the prefixes NA- and ZA- do not change.

№10 Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

hardy
sloppy
implied..shaft
abandoned
coloring

Answer: implied

Explanations: The suffixes -CHIV- and -LIV- are written with I.

№11 Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

make...sew
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappeared..sh
much..my

Answer: tormented

Explanations: You will cover it - exception, 1 conjugation. (to shave to lay, to lay down), in the personal ending it is written E. Missed is a passive participle, the infinitive Skip is not on -at/-yat, therefore, the suffix is written -EN(N)-. If you disappear, what will you do? what to do? -disappear. 1 conjugation, in the personal ending it is written E. Unacceptable, tormented: suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles -EM-/-IM- are checked by conjugation. Torment - 2nd conjugation.

№12 Determine the sentence in which NOT and the highlighted word are written CONCLUSION. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Answer: perplexed

Explanations: The word "doubt" does not exist. Consequently, bewilderment is written together.

№13 Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are written FULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(FOR)THEN he turned the compass ruler (IN)THE direction in which the boy disappeared.
THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom’s face as at our first meeting, (WHILE) even his eyes expressed the same confidence.
I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I wouldn’t catch Nikolai Antonovich.
(C) FOR some time, Vera receives ardent and passionate love letters from a person unknown to her, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.
Onegin, JUST like the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (NOT) sees nothing in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Answer: immediately, so that

Explanations: In the third sentence: immediately it is written together, so that in this case it is written together (it is impossible to remove or rearrange the particle).

№14 Indicate all numbers replaced by N.
At the celebration of the (1) ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, a (3) fiery speech was made, which made a strong impression on the home front workers (5) gathered in the hall.

Answer: 35

Explanations: solemn, state, fiery - suffix -ENN- in denominate adjectives; pronounced - short participle with N; toilers (toiler is a dictionary word).

№15 Place punctuation marks. Specify two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) A heartfelt love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons and gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future.
2) The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.
3) The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.
4) Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered through his head.
5) The air is light and clean and the river is frozen.

Answer: 15

Explanations: 1. A profound love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons, giving rise to thoughts about the bitterness of losses and anxiety for the future. Homogeneous predicate. 2. The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Repeating conjunctions. 3. Language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Repeating conjunctions. 4. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered through his head. Three homogeneous members with a double union. 5. The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. Complex sentence.

№16 Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Having completed the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked champignons to the dish.

Answer: 1

Explanations: We highlight the participial phrase.

№17 Place all missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is bright and cold.
The thoughtful Georgian forged you for revenge,
The free Circassian was preparing for a formidable battle.<…>
You were given to me as a companion (5) a pledge of love (6) dumb (7)
And the example for the wanderer in you is not useless:
Yes, I will not change and will be strong in soul,
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.
(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Answer: 24578

Explanations: We highlight requests.

№18 Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Since then, every time (1) we encounter somewherecomposer (2) he cannot remember this incident without laughing (3)which (4) we became unwitting witnesses.

Answer: 123

Explanations: In the sentences from this task, the pronoun which is always located inside the subordinate clause.

№19 Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1)and 2)when our meeting took place (3)I asked them (4) if they missschool.

Answer: 1234

Explanations: This sentence contains a junction between a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating conjunction. In order to understand whether a comma under number (2) is needed, you need to mentally remove the subordinate clause and see how the sentence will be read without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them...

The sentence is perceived normally, hence the comma number (2).

№20 Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

Answer: beaten

Explanations: They win a gold medal, not a world record. Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to break a world record.

Read the text and complete tasks 21–26.

(1) Captain Sumskov quickly looked at the Red Army soldiers lined up and, slightly worried, said:
- Comrades! (2) An order was received: take up defense at a height located behind the farm, at the intersection of roads. (3) Defend the height until reinforcements arrive. (4) Is the task clear? (5) We have lost a lot in recent days, but we have preserved the regimental banner, we must preserve it
and the honor of the regiment. (6) We will hold out until the last!
(7) The infantry regiment set out from the farmstead. (8) Zvyagintsev pushed Nikolai
elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said:
-Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but God forbid retreating with it! (9) Do you think we will resist?
(10) Nikolai nodded decisively.
- (11) We must resist!
(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot, white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly looking at the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar he is! (14) The same as his eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive resemblance
both in his facial features and throughout his small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would make his heart soften. (18) And he will remember and think about his orphaned children not at the last minute, but after the Germans are driven back from the nameless heights. (19) And now machine gunner Nikolai Streltsov needs to compress his lips tighter and try to think about something extraneous, it will be better...

(20) Nikolai still could not stand the temptation, he looked back: the boy, having missed the column, was still standing by the road, looking after the Red Army soldiers and timidly, farewell, waving his tanned hand raised above his head. (21) And again, just like in the morning, Nikolai’s heart suddenly and painfully sank, and a trembling hot ball rolled up to his throat.

(22) The heat has not subsided yet. (23) The sun still mercilessly burned the earth. (24) And then came those short moments preceding the battle, filled with enormous internal tension, when hearts beat rapidly and dully and every fighter, no matter how many comrades there are around him, for a moment feels the icy chill of loneliness and a sharp, heart-sucking melancholy.

(25) The tanks began cannon fire on the move. (26) The shells landed without reaching the height. (27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood holding a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch towards the sky. (28) Two more tanks caught fire on the flanks. (29) The soldiers intensified their fire, shooting at the enemy infantry trying to rise, at the cracks, and at the tankers jumping out of the hatches of burning vehicles.

(30) Pinned down by machine-gun fire, the enemy infantry tried to rise several times and lay down again. (31) Finally she got up and in short dashes began to approach, but at that time the tanks turned sharply and moved back, leaving six burning and damaged vehicles on the slope.

(32) From somewhere, as if from underground, Nikolai heard Zvyagintsev’s muffled, jubilant voice:

- Great for them! (33) Let them come again, we will see them again!
(34) Nikolai loaded the empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from the flask, and looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack, the sun had noticeably sank to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting.

(36) Taking another sip of water, Nikolai regretfully took the flask from his dry lips and carefully looked out of the trench. (37) The heavy smell of burnt iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like scent of burnt grass, filled his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burning out, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, were rushing along the tops of the feather grass, and the charred, dark skeletons of motionless tanks were smoking on the slope.

(39) Nikolai did not hear the earth-shaking, landslide roar of the explosion, nor did he see the large mass of earth heaving heavily up next to him. (40) A compressed, tight wave of hot air swept the embankment of the front parapet into the trench and forcefully threw back Nikolai’s head. (41) Nikolai woke up when the planes, having dumped their cargo in two passes, had long since departed and the German infantry, having launched the third attack, approached the defense line almost closely, preparing for the decisive throw. (42) A fierce battle raged around Nikolai. (43) Only a few soldiers of the regiment held out with their last strength; their fire weakened: there were few people left capable of defending themselves; already on the left flank hand grenades were used; the survivors were already preparing to meet the Germans with a final bayonet strike. (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked heavily on his wounded leg, holding a banner in one hand, with the other pressing a machine gun pointed forward to his side; The wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of a trench shattered by a shell... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a speck of blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, broken voice:

- Eaglets! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

(According to M.A. Sholokhov)

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1906–1984) - Russian Soviet writer, film screenwriter, journalist, war correspondent, Nobel Prize laureate in literature.

№21 Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) After the shell exploded, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.
2) The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted several minutes, but the enemy’s losses were heavy.
3) Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.
4) In harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.
5) Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army soldiers defending the heights.

Answer: 134

Explanations: 1. After the shell exploded, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers. Corresponding sentences in the text: (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army soldiers rushing forward, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked heavily on his wounded leg, holding a banner in one hand, pressing the displayed banner to his side with the other forward automatic; The wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of a trench shattered by a shell... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a speck of blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, broken voice: - Oreliki! (47) My dear ones, go ahead!.. (48) Give them life!

3. Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War. Corresponding sentences: (7) The infantry regiment set out from the farmstead. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, his eyes sparkling animatedly, said: “Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, but retreating with it is simply God forbid!” (9) Do you think we will resist? (10) Nikolai nodded decisively.

4. In harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son. Corresponding sentences: (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar! (14) The same as his eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) Elusive similarity it was in the facial features and throughout the small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would make his heart soften.

№22 Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.
2) Sentences 12, 14 contain a description.
3) Propositions 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.
4) Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.
5) Sentences 37, 38 present reasoning.

Answer: 24

Explanations: 2. Sentences 12 and 14 contain description.

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot, white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly looking at the Red Army soldiers passing by. (14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair...

4. Sentences 27–31 present the narrative.
(27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood holding a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch towards the sky. (31) Finally she got up and in short dashes began to approach, but at this time the tanks turned sharply and moved back, leaving six burning and damaged vehicles on the slope.

№23 From sentences 34–35, write down one phraseological unit

Answer: actually

Explanations: Phraseologism in sentence 35.
(34) Nikolai loaded the empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from the flask, and looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack, the sun had noticeably sank to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil sting. Due to their frequent use in speech, some phraseological units are “lost” in the text, and it is very difficult to recognize them right away.

№24 Among sentences 12–17, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

Answer: 13

Explanations: Sentence 13 is connected to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun.
(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven, who was herding geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his rosy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar he is! (14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair... (15) There was an elusive similarity in the facial features and in the entire small, tightly built figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to look again at the boy, who was so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he did not need memories that would soften his heart.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 21–24.
This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.
Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 25, starting from the first cell, no spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

№25 “M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expression: (A)________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B)_______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here the following tropes play an important role: (B)_______ (“evil burningness” in sentence 35) and (D)________ (“tongues of flame rushed about” in sentence 38).”
List of terms:
1) dialogue
2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
5) parcellation
6) anaphora
7) exclamatory sentences
8) comparison
9) interrogative sentences

Answer: 7923

Explanations: Sentences 6, 11, 13 are exclamatory. Sentences 6 and 11 are interrogative. B - epithet (no transfer of meaning), G - metaphor (transfer of meaning).

Part 2

To answer this task, use ANSWER FORM No. 2.

№26 Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.